Petit mal épileptique : Questions médicales fréquentes
Nom anglais: Epilepsy, Absence
Descriptor UI:D004832
Tree Number:C10.228.140.490.493.125
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"description": "Comment diagnostique-t-on le petit mal épileptique ?\nQuels tests sont utilisés pour le diagnostic ?\nLes antécédents familiaux influencent-ils le diagnostic ?\nQuels symptômes sont observés lors du diagnostic ?\nLe diagnostic peut-il être confondu avec d'autres troubles ?",
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"description": "Quels sont les principaux symptômes du petit mal épileptique ?\nLes absences durent-elles longtemps ?\nLes symptômes sont-ils visibles pour les autres ?\nY a-t-il des signes avant-coureurs ?\nLes enfants sont-ils plus touchés par ces symptômes ?",
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"description": "Peut-on prévenir le petit mal épileptique ?\nLe stress influence-t-il les crises ?\nL'évitement de certains aliments aide-t-il ?\nLe sommeil joue-t-il un rôle dans la prévention ?\nLes activités physiques sont-elles bénéfiques ?",
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"description": "Quels traitements sont disponibles pour le petit mal épileptique ?\nLes changements de mode de vie aident-ils au traitement ?\nLa chirurgie est-elle une option de traitement ?\nLes traitements sont-ils efficaces à 100 % ?\nLes médicaments ont-ils des effets secondaires ?",
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"description": "Quelles complications peuvent survenir avec le petit mal épileptique ?\nLe petit mal peut-il évoluer vers d'autres types d'épilepsie ?\nLes absences affectent-elles la sécurité ?\nY a-t-il un risque de dépression ?\nLes absences peuvent-elles affecter la vie quotidienne ?",
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"description": "Quels sont les facteurs de risque du petit mal épileptique ?\nL'âge joue-t-il un rôle dans le risque ?\nLes troubles du développement augmentent-ils le risque ?\nLe sexe influence-t-il le risque d'épilepsie ?\nLes infections cérébrales sont-elles un facteur de risque ?",
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"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment diagnostique-t-on le petit mal épileptique ?",
"position": 1,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le diagnostic repose sur l'observation des symptômes et l'EEG montrant des pointes-ondes."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels tests sont utilisés pour le diagnostic ?",
"position": 2,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "L'EEG est essentiel, souvent complété par des examens neurologiques et d'imagerie."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les antécédents familiaux influencent-ils le diagnostic ?",
"position": 3,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, des antécédents familiaux d'épilepsie peuvent augmenter le risque de diagnostic."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels symptômes sont observés lors du diagnostic ?",
"position": 4,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les symptômes incluent des absences brèves, des clignements des yeux et une inattention."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Le diagnostic peut-il être confondu avec d'autres troubles ?",
"position": 5,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, il peut être confondu avec des troubles de l'attention ou des syncopes."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels sont les principaux symptômes du petit mal épileptique ?",
"position": 6,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les absences brèves, souvent accompagnées de clignements des yeux ou d'une perte de contact."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les absences durent-elles longtemps ?",
"position": 7,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Non, elles durent généralement de quelques secondes à 30 secondes."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les symptômes sont-ils visibles pour les autres ?",
"position": 8,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les absences peuvent être remarquées par les personnes autour de l'individu."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Y a-t-il des signes avant-coureurs ?",
"position": 9,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Il n'y a généralement pas de signes avant-coureurs avant une absence."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les enfants sont-ils plus touchés par ces symptômes ?",
"position": 10,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, le petit mal épileptique est plus fréquent chez les enfants et les adolescents."
}
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{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Peut-on prévenir le petit mal épileptique ?",
"position": 11,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Il n'existe pas de méthode de prévention spécifique, mais un suivi médical régulier aide."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Le stress influence-t-il les crises ?",
"position": 12,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, le stress peut déclencher des crises d'absence chez certaines personnes."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "L'évitement de certains aliments aide-t-il ?",
"position": 13,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Il n'y a pas de régime spécifique, mais une alimentation équilibrée est recommandée."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Le sommeil joue-t-il un rôle dans la prévention ?",
"position": 14,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, un sommeil adéquat est crucial pour réduire le risque de crises."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les activités physiques sont-elles bénéfiques ?",
"position": 15,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, l'exercice régulier peut aider à réduire le stress et améliorer la santé globale."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels traitements sont disponibles pour le petit mal épileptique ?",
"position": 16,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les traitements incluent des médicaments antiépileptiques comme l'éthosuximide."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les changements de mode de vie aident-ils au traitement ?",
"position": 17,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, un mode de vie sain et un sommeil régulier peuvent aider à réduire les crises."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "La chirurgie est-elle une option de traitement ?",
"position": 18,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La chirurgie est rare pour le petit mal, mais peut être envisagée si les médicaments échouent."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les traitements sont-ils efficaces à 100 % ?",
"position": 19,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Non, bien que les traitements soient efficaces, certaines personnes continuent d'avoir des crises."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les médicaments ont-ils des effets secondaires ?",
"position": 20,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les médicaments peuvent avoir des effets secondaires comme la somnolence ou des nausées."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles complications peuvent survenir avec le petit mal épileptique ?",
"position": 21,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les complications incluent des difficultés scolaires et des problèmes sociaux."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Le petit mal peut-il évoluer vers d'autres types d'épilepsie ?",
"position": 22,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, dans certains cas, il peut évoluer vers des crises plus graves, comme les crises tonico-cloniques."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les absences affectent-elles la sécurité ?",
"position": 23,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les absences peuvent poser des risques lors de la conduite ou d'activités dangereuses."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Y a-t-il un risque de dépression ?",
"position": 24,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les personnes atteintes peuvent être à risque de dépression et d'anxiété."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les absences peuvent-elles affecter la vie quotidienne ?",
"position": 25,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, elles peuvent perturber les activités quotidiennes et les interactions sociales."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels sont les facteurs de risque du petit mal épileptique ?",
"position": 26,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les facteurs incluent des antécédents familiaux, des troubles neurologiques et des traumatismes crâniens."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "L'âge joue-t-il un rôle dans le risque ?",
"position": 27,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, le petit mal épileptique est plus fréquent chez les enfants et les adolescents."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les troubles du développement augmentent-ils le risque ?",
"position": 28,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, certains troubles du développement peuvent être associés à un risque accru d'épilepsie."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Le sexe influence-t-il le risque d'épilepsie ?",
"position": 29,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les filles sont souvent plus touchées par le petit mal épileptique que les garçons."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les infections cérébrales sont-elles un facteur de risque ?",
"position": 30,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, certaines infections peuvent augmenter le risque de développer une épilepsie."
}
}
]
}
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Despite introduction of several antiseizure medications over the past two decades, treatment options for childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) and juvenile absence epilepsy (JAE) remain limited. We report ...
N01269 (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04666610; start: July 2021; expected completion: 2024) is a randomized, dose-finding and confirmatory, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter tria...
This two-stage adaptive trial design allows investigation of two potentially efficacious BRV doses, where one dose is dropped in favor of the other dose with a better benefit-risk profile. This allows...
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising technique to relieve the symptoms in patients with intractable seizures. Although the DBS therapy for seizure suppression dates back more than 40 years, det...
To compare electroencephalography (EEG) features of newly diagnosed drug-naive childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) and juvenile absence epilepsy (JAE) patients and analyze their response to anti-seizure ...
EEG characteristics between CAE and JAE patients and responders and non-responders to ASM at baseline and 12 months were compared, and the changes from baseline were analysed....
A total of 62 patients (32 CAE and 30 JAE) were included. Discharges in baseline awake and sleep EEGs and interictal and polyspike discharges in baseline sleep EEGs were more frequent in JAE patients....
JAE patients had more frequent disorganized discharges at baseline in both awake and sleep EEGs and interictal and polyspike discharges in sleep EEGs than those of CAE patients. Improvement in EEG was...
Two types of spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs) exist in childhood absence epilepsy (CAE): clinical discharges are prolonged and manifest primarily as impaired consciousness, whereas subclinical dischar...
Using magnetoencephalography (MEG) data from 21 patients, we obtained 25 segments each of clinical discharges and subclinical discharges. Amplitude envelope correlation analysis was used to construct ...
Compared to subclinical discharges, the functional network of clinical discharges exhibited higher synchronization - particularly in the parahippocampal gyrus - as early as 10 s before the seizure. Ad...
These findings suggest that a more regular network before abnormal discharges in clinical discharges contributes to SWD explosion and that the parahippocampal gyrus plays an important role in maintain...
Childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) is characterized by impaired consciousness and distinct electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns. However, interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) do not lead to noticeab...
We enrolled 24 patients with ictal and interictal GSWDs in the study. The magnetoencephalography (MEG) data were recorded before and during GSWDs at a sampling rate of 6000 Hz and analyzed across six ...
During GSWDs, the right lateral occipital cortex indicated a significant difference in the theta band (5-7 Hz) with stronger power (P = 0.027). The interictal group possessed stronger spectral power i...
GSWDs seem to change gradually, with local neural activity changing even 10 s before discharge. During GSWDs, visual afferent stimulus insensitivity could be related to the impaired response state in ...
Ethosuximide was identified as the optimal option for new-onset childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) in a randomized, two-phase dose escalation comparative effectiveness trial of ethosuximide, lamotrigine...
We depend upon self-reporting to determine seizure frequency for epilepsy management decisions, but people often misreport their seizures. Here, we determined misreporting rates in adults with absence...
Absences affect visual attention and eye movements variably. Here, we explore whether the dissimilarity of these symptoms during absences is reflected in differences in electroencephalographic (EEG) f...
Pediatric patients with absences performed a computerized choice reaction time task, with simultaneous recording of EEG and eye-tracking. We quantified visual attention and eye movements with reaction...
Ten pediatric patients had absences during the measurement. Five patients had preserved eye movements (preserved group) and five patients showed disrupted eye movements (unpreserved group) during seiz...
The impairment of visual attention varies among patients with absences and is associated with differences in EEG features, network activation, and involvement of the right frontal eye field....
Assessing the visual attention of patients with absences can be usefully employed in clinical practice for tailored advice to the individual patient....
This study evaluated sleep quality, chronotype, and excessive diurnal somnolence in persons with Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME) and their possible association with clinical variables....
This cross-sectional controlled study evaluated 49 consecutive patients (65% females, mean age 27.53 years) with an electroclinical diagnosis of JME and 49 healthy controls (55% females, mean age 28.5...
Persons with JME did not differ from the control group regarding daytime sleepiness (p=0.840); however, the JME group had worse sleep quality (p=0.01) than the controls. Persons with JME presented a m...
Persons with JME have worse sleep quality and a more evening chronotype. Notably, pharmacoresistant patients present a worse sleep quality that deserves attention and special care due to the relations...
Typical absence seizures (TAS) are seen in idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Electroencephalography (EEG) contributes to syndrome characterization and counseling in an area where genetics does not curr...
Retrospective cohort study of 123 children over 10 years with extensive EEG analysis and medical record review. Phone interviews ascertained longer-term outcomes. EEG reviewers were unaware of outcome...
Total cohort included 123 children with phone review completed in 98. Median follow-up was 5 years 9 months. Seizure freedom was seen in 59% off antiseizure medicines (ASMs). Interictal findings inclu...
Focal and generalized interictal EEG discharges are common in children with TAS and are not associated with poorer outcomes. These interictal findings were traditionally associated with JAE rather tha...