Pourquoi la confidentialité est-elle importante en médecine ?

Elle protège la vie privée des patients et favorise la confiance dans la relation médecin-patient.

Quelles sont les lois sur la confidentialité des données médicales ?

Les lois comme le RGPD en Europe protègent les données personnelles des patients.

Comment les professionnels de santé protègent-ils la confidentialité ?

Ils utilisent des systèmes sécurisés et limitent l'accès aux informations sensibles.

Quelles sont les conséquences d'une violation de la confidentialité ?

Les violations peuvent entraîner des sanctions légales, des pertes de confiance et des dommages à la réputation.

Comment informer un patient sur sa confidentialité ?

Les professionnels doivent expliquer clairement comment les données seront utilisées et protégées.

Qu'est-ce qu'un dilemme éthique en médecine ?

C'est une situation où des principes éthiques conflictuels rendent la décision difficile.

Comment résoudre un dilemme éthique ?

Il faut évaluer les options, consulter des collègues et considérer les valeurs des patients.

Quels exemples de dilemmes éthiques existent ?

Exemples : fin de vie, allocation des ressources, consentement des mineurs.

Quel rôle joue le comité d'éthique ?

Le comité d'éthique aide à évaluer les dilemmes et à fournir des recommandations basées sur des principes éthiques.

Comment les valeurs culturelles influencent-elles les dilemmes éthiques ?

Les valeurs culturelles peuvent affecter les perceptions de la santé, de la maladie et des décisions médicales.

Quels sont les principes éthiques fondamentaux en médecine ?

Les principes incluent l'autonomie, la bienfaisance, la non-malfaisance et la justice.

Comment l'autonomie influence-t-elle les décisions médicales ?

L'autonomie permet aux patients de prendre des décisions éclairées sur leur traitement.

Qu'est-ce que la bienfaisance en éthique médicale ?

La bienfaisance implique d'agir dans le meilleur intérêt du patient et de promouvoir son bien-être.

Quelle est l'importance de la non-malfaisance ?

La non-malfaisance exige d'éviter de causer du tort aux patients lors des soins.

Comment la justice s'applique-t-elle en santé ?

La justice en santé vise à garantir un accès équitable aux soins pour tous les patients.

Pourquoi l'éthique est-elle cruciale en recherche médicale ?

Elle garantit la protection des participants et l'intégrité des résultats de recherche.

Qu'est-ce qu'un comité d'éthique de la recherche ?

C'est un groupe qui évalue les protocoles de recherche pour s'assurer qu'ils respectent les normes éthiques.

Comment obtenir le consentement en recherche ?

Le consentement doit être éclairé, libre et donné sans pression, avec des informations claires.

Quels sont les risques éthiques en recherche ?

Les risques incluent l'exploitation des participants, la divulgation d'informations sensibles et le biais.

Comment assurer la transparence en recherche ?

La transparence peut être assurée par la publication des résultats et la déclaration des conflits d'intérêts.

Qu'est-ce que le consentement éclairé ?

C'est le processus par lequel un patient accepte un traitement après avoir reçu toutes les informations nécessaires.

Pourquoi le consentement éclairé est-il crucial ?

Il respecte l'autonomie du patient et assure qu'il comprend les risques et bénéfices.

Qui peut donner le consentement éclairé ?

Le consentement doit être donné par le patient lui-même ou par un représentant légal en cas d'incapacité.

Comment évaluer la capacité d'un patient à consentir ?

La capacité est évaluée en fonction de la compréhension du patient des informations et des conséquences.

Quelles sont les exceptions au consentement éclairé ?

Les urgences médicales ou les situations où le patient est incapable de donner son consentement.

Éthique - Informations médicales vérifiées

[Comfort Terminal Care in the intensive care unit: recommendations for practice].

03 2024

DOI: 10.1007/s00101-024-01382-9 PMID: 38315182

The Working Group on Ethics in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine of the Austrian Society for Anesthesiology Resuscitation and Intensive Care Medicine (ÖGARI) already developed documentation tools... The practical implementation of pain therapy and reduction of anxiety, stress and respiratory distress that are indicated in the context of Comfort Terminal Care are described in more detail. The meas... A change in treatment goals with a timely switch to Comfort Terminal Care enables good and humane care for seriously ill patients and their relatives at the end of life and the appreciation of their p...

Humans Terminal Care Palliative Care Intensive Care Units Critical Care +1 autres

Expanded terminal sedation in end-of-life care.

04 2023

DOI: 10.1136/jme-2022-108511 PMID: 36543531

Despite advances in palliative care, some patients still suffer significantly at the end of life. Terminal Sedation (TS) refers to the use of sedatives in dying patients until the point of death. The ...

Humans Terminal Care Euthanasia Palliative Care Hypnotics and Sedatives +2 autres

Discussing POLST-facilitated hospice care enrollment in patients with terminal cancer.

Sep 2022

DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07143-x PMID: 35622149

A multicenter prospective study to evaluate the feasibility of Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) in oncology practice was conducted between June and December 2017. Factors associa... Patients with terminal cancer, aged ≥ 20 years and capable of communicating, were enrolled from seven hospitals. Demographic data were collected and updated in February 2021. Descriptive statistics an... Among 336 patients, 105 (31.3%) completed POLST, which was more common in male (p = 0.029), patients with better performance (p < 0.001), longer duration of follow-up (p = 0.037), and those living wit... Gender, patient performance, timing of POLST discussion, and type of household were associated with POLST completion. Earlier discussions on POLST could reinforce hospice enrollment or non-aggressive ...

Advance Care Planning Advance Directives Child Hospice Care Humans +5 autres

Machine learning determination of motivators of terminal extubation during the transition to end-of-life care in intensive care unit.

14 02 2023

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29042-9 PMID: 36788319

Procedural aspects of compassionate care such as the terminal extubation are understudied. We used machine learning methods to determine factors associated with the decision to extubate the critically...

Humans Ventilator Weaning Cohort Studies Prospective Studies Airway Extubation +2 autres

Intention of healthcare providers to use video-communication in terminal care: a cross-sectional study.

30 Nov 2022

DOI: 10.1186/s12904-022-01100-5 PMID: 36451219

Interdisciplinary collaboration between healthcare providers with regard to consultation, transfer and advice in terminal care is both important and challenging. The use of video communication in term... In this cross-sectional study, an online survey was used to explore the intention to use video communication. The survey was sent to first-line healthcare providers involved in terminal care (at home,... 90 respondents were included in the analysis.65 (72%) respondents had experience with video communication within their profession, although only 15 respondents (17%) used it in terminal care. In gener... Healthcare providers have in general the intention to use video communication in interprofessional terminal care. However, their actual use in terminal care is low. 'Outcome expectancy' and 'Social in...

Humans Intention Cross-Sectional Studies Communication Terminal Care +1 autres

Continuous palliative sedation in terminally ill patients with cancer: a retrospective observational cohort study from a Chinese palliative care unit.

25 05 2023

DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-071859 PMID: 37230518

This study aimed to describe a 4-year practice of continuous palliative sedation (CPS) in a palliative medicine ward of an academic hospital in China. To compare the survival time of patients with can... A retrospective observational cohort study.... The palliative ward at a tertiary teaching hospital between January 2018 and 10 May 2022, in Chengdu, Sichuan, China.... The palliative care unit had 1445 deaths. We excluded 283 patients who were sedated on admission due to mechanical ventilation or non-invasive ventilators, 122 patients who were sedated due to epileps... The survival time and analysis of sedation potential factors between the two groups were compared.... The total prevalence of CPS was 39.7%. Patients who were sedated more commonly experienced delirium, dyspnoea, refractory existential or psychological distress, and pain. After propensity score matchi... Developing countries also practise palliative sedation. Median survival was not different between patients who were and were not sedated....

Humans Palliative Care Terminally Ill Retrospective Studies East Asian People +4 autres

Denying Death: The Terminally Critically Ill.

Jun 2023

DOI: 10.1177/10499091221114771 PMID: 35861203

We describe a subgroup of the Chronically Critically Ill (CCI) we call the Terminally Critically Ill as demonstrated by terminally ill cancer patients. These cancer patients, though clearly terminally...

Humans Terminally Ill Terminal Care Palliative Care Critical Illness +1 autres

Evaluating the Potential of Machine Learning and Wearable Devices in End-of-Life Care in Predicting 7-Day Death Events Among Patients With Terminal Cancer: Cohort Study.

18 08 2023

DOI: 10.2196/47366 PMID: 37594793

An accurate prediction of mortality in end-of-life care is crucial but presents challenges. Existing prognostic tools demonstrate moderate performance in predicting survival across various time frames... This study aimed to investigate the potential of using wearable devices and AI to predict death events among patients with cancer at the end of life. Our hypothesis was that continuous monitoring thro... This prospective study was conducted at the National Taiwan University Hospital. Patients diagnosed with cancer and receiving end-of-life care were invited to enroll in wards, outpatient clinics, and ... From September 2021 to August 2022, overall, 1657 data points were collected from 40 patients with a median survival time of 34 days, with the detection of 28 death events. Among the proposed models, ... We demonstrated the successful prediction of patient deaths within the next 7 days using a combination of wearable devices and AI. Our findings highlight the potential of integrating AI and wearable t... ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05054907; https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05054907....

Humans Artificial Intelligence Cohort Studies Death Machine Learning +5 autres

The connections of physical and psychosocial symptoms among patients with terminal illnesses: A network analysis.

01 2023

DOI: 10.1177/02692163221128452 PMID: 36474334

Patients with terminal illnesses have different symptoms. The goal of palliative care is to alleviate the suffering induced by these symptoms. Available research on symptoms has focused on their preva... The study used network analysis to explore symptom clusters among patients with terminal illnesses and identify the central symptoms, the bridge symptoms, and pathways between physical and psychosocia... This is a retrospective cohort study using baseline symptom assessment of 677 adults with terminal illnesses receiving care from the Integrated Community End-of-Life Care Support Teams.... Three symptom clusters were identified: physical, psychological, and practical clusters. "Weakness or lack of energy" was identified as the crucial symptom affecting the changes of other symptoms, fol... This study is the first of its kind to investigate the connections and mechanism of influence between symptoms among patients with terminal illnesses. It offers clear pathways for intervention with th...

Adult Humans Anxiety Palliative Care Quality of Life +6 autres

Existential experiences and perceptions of death among children with terminal cancer: An interpretative qualitative study.

06 2023

DOI: 10.1177/02692163231165100 PMID: 37036015

Exploring the experience and understanding of death in children with terminal cancer is important to provide them with appropriate care. However, most studies have focused on the perspectives of paren... To advance the understanding of end-of-life experiences and perceptions of death in children with cancer.... Interpretative qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.... The study was conducted at the department of oncological surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. Ten children aged 8-17 with terminal cancer were included in the study.... Four major themes (and eight sub-themes) were identified from the findings: (1) helplessness in the face of death (loneliness, loss of control); (2) desire to connect with the world they left (relucta... Children with terminal cancer have a strong sense of loneliness and a desire to connect with the world they have left behind. Differences in children's perceptions and attitudes about death suggest th...

Humans Child Quality of Life Parents Qualitative Research +4 autres

Éthique : Questions médicales fréquentes

Termes MeSH sélectionnés :

Questions fréquentes et termes MeSH associés

Confidentialité 5

Dilemmes éthiques 5

Principes éthiques 5

Recherche et éthique 5

Consentement éclairé 5

Contenu validé par Dr Olivier Menir

Sous-catégories

Questions bioéthiques

Bioéthique

Complicité

Conflit d'intérêts

Principe du double effet

Analyse éthique

Relativisme éthique

Évaluation éthique

Théorie éthique

Éthiciens

Éthique des affaires

Éthique institutionnelle

Déontologie

Éthique de la recherche

Humanisme

Personne humaine

Éthique basée sur les principes

Inconduite professionnelle

Auto-recommandation par un médecin

Casuistique

Jugement moral rétrospectif

Argument de la pente glissante

Consultation d'éthique

Éthique clinique

Professionnalisme

Contrôle de la recherche scientifique

Déclaration d'Helsinki

Incertitude thérapeutique absolue

Malentendu thérapeutique

Bienfaisance

Autonomie personnelle

Justice sociale

Inconduite scientifique

Déontologie dentaire

Déontologie médicale

Déontologie infirmière

Déontologie pharmaceutique

Autonomie relationnelle

Antiracisme

Serment d'Hippocrate

Auteurs principaux

Sources (10000 au total)