To study the mental health problems in eunuchs, the neglected segment that has been facing social exclusion and exploitation on behalf of social layers of the society....
The study was conducted from Jan 2017 to April 2017and adopted a qualitative approach by engaging eight eunuchs' group purposefully through focussed group discussion to unearth the issues related to e...
The severe kind of economic and social pressures of poverty and social neglect resulting in depression, anxiety and suicidal tendencies were found among this group, which affected the overall mental h...
Eunuchs face psychological complications in daily life. The condition necessitates encouragement and social acceptance of eunuch to lead a normal and healthy life in the society. Furthermore socio-psy...
Endocrinopathy, including hypogonadism, is common following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Prior evidence suggests hypogonadism is associated with poorer function....
Determine the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of testosterone (T) therapy in hypogonadal men following TBI in acute rehabilitation....
Randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial....
Inpatient rehabilitation brain injury unit....
Men ages 18 -65, post moderate to severe TBI receiving inpatient rehabilitation....
Transdermal T gel or placebo....
Revised FIM™ score, strength, adverse events....
Of 498 screened, 70 participants were enrolled, and 22 meeting all criteria were randomized into placebo (n = 10) or physiologic T therapy (n = 12). There was no significant difference between groups ...
Although there were no significant differences in rates of recovery, treatment group subjects showed greater absolute functional and strength improvement compared to the Placebo or Normal T groups....
Pathogenesis and endothelial function in subclinical hypogonadism (SCH) remain unclear. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) participates in atherosclerosis and reproduction. We explored the underlyin...
In the SCH, LOH, and healthy eugonadal male groups, we measured serum unOC, calculated luteinizing hormone/testosterone (LH/T), LH.T product, and estradiol/T (E/T) as indicators of impaired Leydig cel...
↑LH/T, ↑ASI, ↓aromatase activity, normal T, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels, ↑unOC, and enhanced atherosclerotic markers (↓FMD%, ↑CIMT, ↑AS) are chara...
SCH is a distinct clinical entity characterized by impaired androgen sensitivity and aromatase activity, compensatory elevated unOC, endothelial dysfunction, and anti-atherogenic role of testosterone....
To investigate whether routine assessment of free testosterone improves the diagnostic accuracy of functional hypogonadism....
Total and free testosterone (calculated on SHBG levels) were determined in 188 patients with sexual symptoms and 184 with infertility....
Hypogonadism (calculated free testosterone <63 pg/ml) was found in 47/188 (25.0%) patients with sexual symptoms and in 21/184 (11.4%) with infertility. Total testosterone determination misdiagnosed hy...
Routine assessment of free testosterone allows a more accurate diagnosis of functional hypogonadism, especially in men with sexual symptoms. Free testosterone levels associate with clinical and bioche...
Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) is a heterogeneous genetic disorder characterized by disrupted puberty and infertility. In most cases, HH is abiding yet 10-15% undergo reversal. Men with...
Although uncommon, some individuals assigned male at birth (AMAB) seek voluntary genital ablative procedures, and others fantasize about it....
To learn more about the views of genital ablation and injuries in those who aspire to be castrated as compared with those who only fantasize about it....
A survey was run on the Eunuch Archive internet community. Content analysis was conducted on the responses of 342 AMAB individuals with castration fantasy but no desire for actual surgery (fantasizers...
Study outcomes were responses to open-ended questions about genital ablations and injury....
Aspiring individuals were more likely to perceive a "physical appearance benefit" from orchiectomy, but fewer could recall how they first learned about the procedure. Some reasons that aspiring person...
Psychiatrists and other clinicians need to understand their patients' views on genital ablation to properly diagnose and provide the best personalized care....
Strengths include a large sample of respondents. Limitations include the accuracy of the anonymous survey data....
This study demonstrates divergent interests on genital ablation among AMAB individuals who have not had an any genital ablation yet have intense interest in the topic....
Testosterone therapy for men with testosterone deficiency is widely used, yet remains controversial. The rich and fascinating history of the testicles, including human castration, provides a valuable ...
This study reviewed the history of testosterone from antiquity to the modern day....
Primary sources consisted of books and relevant articles, augmented by a MEDLINE search using the key words "testis," "testicles," "castration," "eunuchs," "testosterone," and "testicular function."...
An early scientific observation was that castration reduced sexual development and activity, originating with domestication of animals approximately 10 000 years ago. Human castration appears in ancie...
Testosterone has been a known substance for <1% of the historical timeline, yet knowledge that the testes were responsible for male sexual development and behavior has been known since the beginning o...
Lifestyle modifications (i.e., physical activity [PA] and lower dietary intake) often are not sufficient to improve testosterone (TE) levels and promote weight loss in men with metabolic hypogonadism....
Body composition, insulin resistance, testicular and erectile function were investigated in 15 males (age=39.5±14.5 years; Body Mass Index [BMI]=30.2±3.8 kg/m...
BMI, the percentage fat mass, insulinemia and Homeostasis Model Assessment Index (P<0.01) along with glycemia (P<0.05) were significantly reduced at T<inf>2</inf> compared to T<inf>1</inf>, respective...
The combination of unsupervised PA and nutraceutical supplement improves body composition, insulin sensitivity and TE production in overweight-obese men with metabolic hypogonadism. Further controlled...
Although selective estrogen receptor modulators have been proposed as a treatment for men with central functional hypogonadism, only a few data have been produced in men with obesity-related functiona...
To determine whether and to what extent selective estrogen receptor modulators are an effective and safe therapy in men with obesity-related functional androgen deficiency....
A thorough search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases was performed to identify studies comparing testosterone levels before and after treatment. Mean differences with 95...
Seven studies met the inclusion criteria providing information on 292 men with obesity-related functional androgen deficiency treated with clomiphene citrate (12.5-50 mg daily) or enclomiphene citrate...
Treatment with clomiphene citrate and enclomiphene citrate may be an effective and safe alternative to testosterone replacement therapy in men with obesity-related functional androgen deficiency. Furt...
Low testosterone levels are frequently present in men with obesity and insulin resistance. Currently available treatment options (testosterone replacement therapy or lifestyle changes) hold possible r...
To summarize the available evidence on the effects of traditional and recent treatment modalities for diabetes mellitus on testosterone levels and androgen-deficiency-related signs and symptoms....
PubMed was searched from the year 2000 till present using MESH terms: "hypogonadism," "testosterone," "testosterone deficiency," "functional hypogonadism," and the different classes of medications. St...
Current available data show no or only limited improvement on testosterone levels with the classic antidiabetic drugs. Studies with GLP1-receptor analogues show beneficial effects on both body weight ...
With the recent advances in the knowledge of the pathophysiological pathways in obesity, there is an enormous progress in the development of medications for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Newer incretin...
