Titre : Pneumonie à pneumocoques

Pneumonie à pneumocoques : Questions médicales fréquentes

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cliniques indiquent une pneumonie à pneumocoques ?\nLa culture de crachats est-elle nécessaire ?\nLes tests sanguins sont-ils utiles ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D011018?page=6#section-diagnostic" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Symptômes", "headline": "Symptômes sur Pneumonie à pneumocoques", "description": "Quels sont les symptômes courants de la pneumonie à pneumocoques ?\nLa toux est-elle toujours productive ?\nY a-t-il des symptômes atypiques ?\nComment la douleur thoracique se manifeste-t-elle ?\nLes symptômes varient-ils selon l'âge ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D011018?page=6#section-symptômes" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Prévention", "headline": "Prévention sur Pneumonie à pneumocoques", "description": "Comment prévenir la pneumonie à pneumocoques ?\nQui devrait se faire vacciner ?\nY a-t-il d'autres mesures préventives ?\nLa vaccination est-elle efficace ?\nÀ quelle fréquence faut-il se faire vacciner ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D011018?page=6#section-prévention" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Traitements", "headline": "Traitements sur Pneumonie à pneumocoques", "description": "Quels antibiotiques sont utilisés pour traiter cette pneumonie ?\nLe traitement nécessite-t-il une hospitalisation ?\nDes traitements symptomatiques sont-ils recommandés ?\nCombien de temps dure le traitement antibiotique ?\nDes soins de soutien sont-ils nécessaires ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D011018?page=6#section-traitements" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Complications", "headline": "Complications sur Pneumonie à pneumocoques", "description": "Quelles sont les complications possibles de la pneumonie à pneumocoques ?\nComment l'empyème se développe-t-il ?\nLa pneumonie peut-elle entraîner des problèmes respiratoires chroniques ?\nQuels sont les signes d'une septicémie ?\nLes complications sont-elles plus fréquentes chez certains patients ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D011018?page=6#section-complications" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Facteurs de risque", "headline": "Facteurs de risque sur Pneumonie à pneumocoques", "description": "Quels sont les principaux facteurs de risque de pneumonie à pneumocoques ?\nLe tabagisme augmente-t-il le risque ?\nLes maladies pulmonaires chroniques sont-elles un facteur de risque ?\nLes enfants sont-ils à risque ?\nL'immunodépression influence-t-elle le risque ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D011018?page=6#section-facteurs de risque" } ] }, { "@type": "FAQPage", "mainEntity": [ { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment diagnostiquer une pneumonie à pneumocoques ?", "position": 1, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Le diagnostic repose sur l'examen clinique, les radiographies thoraciques et les cultures de crachats." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels tests sont utilisés pour confirmer la pneumonie ?", "position": 2, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les tests incluent la radiographie, la tomodensitométrie et les analyses sanguines." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels signes cliniques indiquent une pneumonie à pneumocoques ?", "position": 3, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Fièvre, toux productive, douleur thoracique et difficultés respiratoires sont des signes clés." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "La culture de crachats est-elle nécessaire ?", "position": 4, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Elle est recommandée pour identifier le pathogène et guider le traitement antibiotique." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les tests sanguins sont-ils utiles ?", "position": 5, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, ils peuvent montrer des signes d'infection et aider à évaluer la gravité." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels sont les symptômes courants de la pneumonie à pneumocoques ?", "position": 6, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Fièvre, frissons, toux, douleur thoracique et essoufflement sont fréquents." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "La toux est-elle toujours productive ?", "position": 7, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Pas toujours, mais elle est souvent accompagnée de mucus purulent dans ce cas." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Y a-t-il des symptômes atypiques ?", "position": 8, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, des symptômes comme la confusion ou la fatigue peuvent survenir, surtout chez les personnes âgées." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment la douleur thoracique se manifeste-t-elle ?", "position": 9, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Elle est souvent aiguë et peut s'aggraver lors de la respiration ou de la toux." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les symptômes varient-ils selon l'âge ?", "position": 10, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, les jeunes enfants et les personnes âgées peuvent présenter des symptômes moins typiques." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment prévenir la pneumonie à pneumocoques ?", "position": 11, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "La vaccination est la méthode la plus efficace pour prévenir cette infection." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Qui devrait se faire vacciner ?", "position": 12, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les enfants, les personnes âgées et celles avec des maladies chroniques doivent être vaccinés." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Y a-t-il d'autres mesures préventives ?", "position": 13, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Éviter le tabagisme et maintenir une bonne hygiène respiratoire sont également importants." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "La vaccination est-elle efficace ?", "position": 14, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, elle réduit significativement le risque de pneumonie à pneumocoques et ses complications." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "À quelle fréquence faut-il se faire vacciner ?", "position": 15, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "La vaccination peut être répétée tous les 5 à 10 ans selon le type de vaccin et l'âge." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels antibiotiques sont utilisés pour traiter cette pneumonie ?", "position": 16, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les pénicillines et les céphalosporines sont couramment prescrites pour traiter l'infection." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Le traitement nécessite-t-il une hospitalisation ?", "position": 17, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Cela dépend de la gravité des symptômes et de l'état général du patient." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Des traitements symptomatiques sont-ils recommandés ?", "position": 18, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, des antipyrétiques et des analgésiques peuvent aider à soulager la fièvre et la douleur." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Combien de temps dure le traitement antibiotique ?", "position": 19, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "En général, le traitement dure de 5 à 10 jours, selon la réponse clinique." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Des soins de soutien sont-ils nécessaires ?", "position": 20, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, l'hydratation et le repos sont essentiels pour favoriser la guérison." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles sont les complications possibles de la pneumonie à pneumocoques ?", "position": 21, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les complications incluent l'empyème, l'abcès pulmonaire et la septicémie." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment l'empyème se développe-t-il ?", "position": 22, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "L'empyème se produit lorsque du pus s'accumule dans la cavité pleurale à cause de l'infection." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "La pneumonie peut-elle entraîner des problèmes respiratoires chroniques ?", "position": 23, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, des lésions pulmonaires peuvent entraîner des problèmes respiratoires à long terme." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels sont les signes d'une septicémie ?", "position": 24, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Fièvre élevée, confusion, rythme cardiaque rapide et hypotension sont des signes d'alerte." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les complications sont-elles plus fréquentes chez certains patients ?", "position": 25, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, les personnes âgées et celles avec des comorbidités sont plus à risque de complications." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels sont les principaux facteurs de risque de pneumonie à pneumocoques ?", "position": 26, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les facteurs incluent l'âge avancé, le tabagisme, et les maladies chroniques comme le diabète." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Le tabagisme augmente-t-il le risque ?", "position": 27, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, le tabagisme endommage les voies respiratoires et augmente le risque d'infections." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les maladies pulmonaires chroniques sont-elles un facteur de risque ?", "position": 28, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, des conditions comme la BPCO augmentent la susceptibilité à la pneumonie." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les enfants sont-ils à risque ?", "position": 29, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, les jeunes enfants, surtout ceux non vaccinés, sont particulièrement vulnérables." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "L'immunodépression influence-t-elle le risque ?", "position": 30, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, les personnes immunodéprimées ont un risque accru de développer des infections pneumococciques." } } ] } ] }

Sources (6640 au total)

Pneumococcal pneumonia and endotoxemia: An experimental and clinical reappraisal.

Circulating endotoxins could result from bacterial digestive translocation during sepsis, thus contributing to uncontrolled systemic inflammation, leading in turn to organ dysfunction. We addressed th... Endotoxemia was measured in a clinically relevant rabbit model of ventilated pneumococcal pneumonia and in 110 patients with bacteraemic pneumonia, using a patented mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method... Whereas higher levels of systemic inflammation and organ dysfunctions were found, there was no significant difference in lipopolysaccharide concentrations when infected rabbits were compared to non-in... Seemingly, endotoxins do not drive the overwhelming inflammation associated with severe forms of pneumococcal pneumonia....

The serotype-specific prevalence of pneumococci in hospitalized pneumonia patients with COPD: a prospective, multi-center, cohort study.

The overall incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia is declining. However, the change in the pathogenic distribution of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) p... We conducted a prospective, multi-center, cohort study from seven University-affiliated hospitals. The primary objective was the identification of serotype-specific prevalence of pneumococcal pneumoni... The total number of participants was 349. Most of them were male (95.1%) with old ages (75.55 ± 8.59 y). The positive rate for S. pneumoniae was 9.2% with SS-UAD assay and the common serotypes were 22... Serotypes 22F, 6A, and 6B, which are covered either by PPV 23 or by PCV 13, are still common pneumococcal serotypes in COPD pneumonia in the post-vaccination era in Korea....

Biological Effects of Corticosteroids on Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Mice and Humans.

We studied gene expression with lower respiratory tract transcriptomes from a cohort of mechanically ventilated patients and in mice. We also carried out comprehensive physiologic, biochemical, and hi... Transcriptomic analysis identified pleiotropic effects of steroid therapy on the lower respiratory tract in critically ill patients with pneumococcal pneumonia, findings that were reproducible in mice... The gene expression studies in patients and in the mice support the clinical relevance of the mouse studies, which replicate several features of pneumococcal pneumonia and steroid therapy in humans. I...

Amoxicillin and penicillin G dosing in pediatric community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia in the era of conjugate pneumococcal vaccines.

Parenteral penicillin G (PENG) and oral amoxicillin (AMOX) are recommended as treatment for pediatric community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). With recent epidemiologic penicillin susceptibility data for S... Using NONMEM v7.3, Monte Carlo simulations (N = 10,000) were conducted for AMOX 15 mg/kg/dose PO every 8 h (standard-dose), AMOX 45 mg/kg/dose PO every 12 h (high-dose), and PENG 62,500 units/kg/day I... In 2018, all 21 (100%) pneumococcal isolates were susceptible to both PENG and AMOX based on Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI; MIC at 2 mg/L) breakpoints, and 15 of 21 (71%) were susc... Based on the recent rates of resistance, antibiotic doses evaluated provide appropriate exposure for pediatric CAP based on the serum and ELF data associated with predicted clinical and microbiologic ...

Pneumococcal colonization and severity of pneumonia in hospitalized Cambodian children following introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.

This study sought to characterize pneumococcal colonization and clinical/radiological features in Cambodian children admitted to hospital with an illness compatible with pneumonia following national i... Children aged 0-59 months admitted to Angkor Hospital for Children who met the World Health Organization (WHO) case definition for clinical pneumonia were enrolled over a 3-year period. Clinical, radi... Between 1 September 2015 and 31August 2018, 2209 analysable illness episodes were enrolled. Pneumococci were detected in 943/2209 (42.7%) children. PCV13 serotypes were detected less frequently in chi... The introduction of PCV13 in Cambodia was associated with a decline in vaccine serotype nasopharyngeal colonization, and clinical and radiological severity in children hospitalized with clinical pneum...

Hospital Burden of All-Cause Pneumonia and Nonbacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Adults in France Between 2013 and 2019.

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The study objective was to describe the hospital burden of pneumonia in the adult population in France.... This retrospective study was conducted from the National Health Insurance Database. All hospitalizations for pneumonia (all-cause) between 2013 and 2019 were included. Different risk categories for pa... A total of 2 199 240 episodes of CAP were registered over the study period (annual mean, 314 177 [standard deviation, 17 818.6]); 75% occurred in patients aged ≥65 years, among whom 47% were not class... This study establishes the incidence of CAP in adults in France, describes the significant burden of disease, and highlights the need for better prevention policies....

Radiographically confirmed pneumonia in Malawian children and associated pneumococcal carriage after introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.

The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) was introduced in Malawi in 2011 with an expected impact of reducing pneumococcal pneumonia in children. We aimed to describe clinical characteris... We conducted a secondary analysis of children aged under-5-years hospitalized with acute respiratory illness (ARI) in Malawi. Chest radiographs conducted at admission were read by two independent clin... We had complete radiographic and NP serotype data for 500 children, of which 54 isolates were vaccine-type (VT) (10.8%), 165 were non-VT (NVT; 33.0%), and 281 had no pneumococcal growth (56.2%). Among... Carriage of S. pneumoniae remains high among children hospitalized with ARI in Malawi, but children with VT carriage were no more likely to have PEP than children carrying no pneumococcus or those wit...