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"name": "Comment détecte-t-on des transgènes dans un organisme ?",
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"text": "On utilise des techniques comme la PCR et le séquençage pour identifier les transgènes."
}
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{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels tests sont utilisés pour analyser les transgènes ?",
"position": 2,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les tests incluent l'analyse de l'ADN par électrophorèse et la hybridation."
}
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{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les transgènes peuvent-ils être détectés dans les aliments ?",
"position": 3,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, des tests spécifiques peuvent identifier la présence de transgènes dans les aliments."
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{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles méthodes sont utilisées pour le diagnostic des transgènes ?",
"position": 4,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les méthodes incluent la PCR quantitative et les tests de Southern blot."
}
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{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Peut-on identifier des transgènes dans des tissus humains ?",
"position": 5,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, des techniques comme la PCR peuvent détecter des transgènes dans des échantillons de tissus."
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{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels symptômes peuvent résulter de l'expression de transgènes ?",
"position": 6,
"acceptedAnswer": {
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"text": "Les symptômes varient selon le transgène, mais peuvent inclure des réactions immunitaires."
}
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{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les transgènes provoquent-ils des effets indésirables ?",
"position": 7,
"acceptedAnswer": {
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"text": "Oui, des effets indésirables peuvent survenir, comme des allergies ou des toxicités."
}
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"@type": "Question",
"name": "Y a-t-il des symptômes associés aux aliments transgéniques ?",
"position": 8,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Certaines personnes peuvent éprouver des symptômes allergiques après consommation."
}
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{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les transgènes peuvent-ils affecter la santé humaine ?",
"position": 9,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des études suggèrent que certains transgènes peuvent avoir des impacts sur la santé."
}
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{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels symptômes sont liés aux thérapies géniques ?",
"position": 10,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les thérapies géniques peuvent entraîner des réactions comme de la fièvre ou des douleurs."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment prévenir les risques liés aux transgènes ?",
"position": 11,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La réglementation stricte et les tests de sécurité sont essentiels pour prévenir les risques."
}
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{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Peut-on éviter les aliments transgéniques ?",
"position": 12,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, en choisissant des produits bio ou en lisant les étiquettes des aliments."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles mesures de sécurité sont prises pour les transgènes ?",
"position": 13,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des études de sécurité et des évaluations environnementales sont réalisées avant leur utilisation."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment sensibiliser sur les transgènes ?",
"position": 14,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des campagnes d'information et des programmes éducatifs peuvent sensibiliser le public."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les organismes de réglementation surveillent-ils les transgènes ?",
"position": 15,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, des organismes comme l'EFSA surveillent l'utilisation et la sécurité des transgènes."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment les transgènes sont-ils utilisés en médecine ?",
"position": 16,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Ils sont utilisés pour développer des thérapies géniques pour traiter des maladies génétiques."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les transgènes peuvent-ils traiter des maladies ?",
"position": 17,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les transgènes sont utilisés pour traiter des maladies comme la fibrose kystique."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels traitements utilisent des transgènes ?",
"position": 18,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des traitements comme la thérapie génique et les vaccins génétiquement modifiés en font partie."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les transgènes sont-ils utilisés en oncologie ?",
"position": 19,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, ils sont utilisés pour développer des traitements ciblés contre certains cancers."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels sont les risques des traitements par transgènes ?",
"position": 20,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les risques incluent des réactions immunitaires et des effets secondaires imprévus."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles complications peuvent survenir avec les transgènes ?",
"position": 21,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des complications incluent des réactions allergiques et des effets à long terme non prévus."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les transgènes peuvent-ils causer des maladies ?",
"position": 22,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Il existe des préoccupations sur le potentiel des transgènes à induire des maladies."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Y a-t-il des complications environnementales liées aux transgènes ?",
"position": 23,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, des impacts sur la biodiversité et des effets sur les écosystèmes sont possibles."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment les transgènes affectent-ils la santé publique ?",
"position": 24,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Ils peuvent poser des risques pour la santé publique, nécessitant une surveillance continue."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les transgènes peuvent-ils affecter la reproduction ?",
"position": 25,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des études suggèrent que certains transgènes pourraient avoir des effets sur la reproduction."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels facteurs augmentent les risques liés aux transgènes ?",
"position": 26,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "L'exposition à des transgènes non réglementés et la consommation d'aliments non testés augmentent les risques."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les allergies sont-elles un facteur de risque pour les transgènes ?",
"position": 27,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les personnes allergiques peuvent avoir des réactions plus sévères aux aliments transgéniques."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "L'environnement joue-t-il un rôle dans les risques des transgènes ?",
"position": 28,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les conditions environnementales peuvent influencer l'impact des transgènes sur la santé."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les antécédents médicaux influencent-ils les risques liés aux transgènes ?",
"position": 29,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, des antécédents d'allergies ou de maladies auto-immunes peuvent augmenter les risques."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "L'âge est-il un facteur de risque pour les effets des transgènes ?",
"position": 30,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les jeunes enfants et les personnes âgées peuvent être plus sensibles aux effets des transgènes."
}
}
]
}
]
}
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is now one of the most common noncommunicable diseases and the main causes of morbidity, disability and mortality in the world. In recent years, new approaches to...
Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common chronic and bothersome condition. Bladder training is widely prescribed as a first-line treatment for OAB, but the efficacy has been systematically evaluated for u...
To evaluate the benefits and harms of bladder training for treating adults with OAB compared to no treatment, anticholinergics, β3-adrenoceptor agonists, or pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) alone o...
We used standard, extensive Cochrane search methods. The latest search date was 6 November 2022....
We included randomized controlled trials involving adults aged 18 years or older with non-neurogenic OAB. We excluded studies of participants whose symptoms were caused by factors outside the urinary ...
We used standard Cochrane methods. Our primary outcomes were 1. participant-reported cure or improvement, 2. symptom- and condition-related quality of life (QoL), and 3....
Secondary outcomes included 4. participant-reported satisfaction, 5. number of incontinence episodes, 6. number of urgency episodes, and 7. number of micturition episodes. For the purpose of this revi...
We included 15 trials with 2007 participants; participants in these trials were predominantly women (89.3%). We assessed the risk of bias of results for primary and secondary outcomes, which across al...
This review focused on the effect of bladder training to treat OAB. However, most of the evidence was low or very-low certainty. Based on the low- or very low-certainty evidence, bladder training may ...
Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson disease (PD), often treated with antimuscarinics or beta-3 agonists. There is lack of evidence to guide OAB management in PD....
To assess the comparative safety of antimuscarinics versus beta-3 agonists for OAB treatment in PD....
We employed a new-user, active-comparator cohort study design. We included Medicare beneficiaries age ≥65 years with PD who were new users of either antimuscarinic or beta-3 agonist. The primary outco...
We identified 27,091 individuals meeting inclusion criteria (mean age: 77.8 years). After hdPS matching, antimuscarinic users had increased risks for any acute care encounter (hazard ratio [HR] 1.23, ...
Among persons with PD, anticholinergic initiation was associated with a higher risk of acute care encounters compared with beta-3 agonist initiation. The long-term safety of anticholinergic vs. beta-3...
Flight simulators have an essential role in aircrew training. Occasionally, symptoms of motion sickness, defined as simulator sickness, develop during these sessions. Preventive methods for motion sic...
The journey of using anticholinergics in the treatment of asthma started with anticholinergic-containing plants such as Datura stramonium and Atropa belladonna, followed by ipratropium bromide and con...
Drug intake might be a modifiable factor for the individual fall-risk of older adults, and anticholinergic properties of drugs need to be considered. This study is aimed at analyzing the association o...
Cases of the prospective, observational, multi-center study on adverse drug reactions leading to emergency departments (ADRED study) between 2015 and 2018 in Germany were analyzed comparing the exposu...
The anticholinergic burden was higher in patients with overactive bladder anticholinergic medications (median 2 [1; 3]) compared to not taking drugs of interest. Presenting with a fall was associated ...
Although falls occur multifactorial in older adults and confounding by indication cannot be ruled out, the indication for a drug treatment should be decided with caution when other, non-pharmacologica...
DRKS-ID: DRKS00008979, registration date 01/11/2017....
To assess whether tamsulosin may aid emptying of the lower urinary tract in posterior urethral valves patients, mitigating the likelihood of progressing to clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) or ...
We reviewed a prospective institutional database containing posterior urethral valves patients treated between January 2000 and January 2022. After assessing baseline characteristics, Kaplan-Meier sur...
A total of 179 patients were included. Fifty-nine patients received tamsulosin prior to initiation of CIC (group 1), and 120 did not (group 2). The baseline characteristics were similar between the tw...
While tamsulosin may delay CIC, it does not appear to delay progression to end-stage renal disease. Additional studies exploring specific patient factors are required to determine the timing and subse...
Medication reconciliation as part of a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment by a specialist pharmacist is a process that has been shown to be beneficial in terms of medication adherence in patients taki...
We present a case where a medication review as part of a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment in the absence of polypharmacy resulted in two pharmacist interventions when standard care resulted in no in...
As a result of the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment, a letter was written to the patient's general practitioner, recommending a change to anti-depressant therapy to optimise anticholinergic burden, ...
Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment is a process that identifies potential issues in older adults with cancer that aren't identified with standard medication review. This is also evident for medication...
Anticholinergic burden is detrimental to cognitive health. Multiple studies found that a high anticholinergic burden is associated with an increased risk for dementia, changes to the brain structure, ...
Randomized controlled trial....
We analyzed data from a de-prescribing trial of older adults (>65 years) previously conducted in New Zealand that was focused on reducing the Drug Burden Index (DBI)....
We used the anticholinergic cognitive burden (ACB) to quantify the impact of the intervention on reducing the anticholinergic burden. Participants not taking anticholinergics at the start of the trial...
Among the 295 participants in this analysis, the median (IQR) age was 79 (74, 85), and 67% were women. For the primary outcome ĝ...
The study did not provide evidence for the effect of pharmacist deprescribing intervention on reducing the anticholinergic burden. However, this post hoc analysis examined the impact of COVID on the e...
Antipsychotics are widely used to treat first-episode psychosis but may have an anticholinergic burden, that is, a cumulative effect of medications that block the cholinergic system. Studies suggest t...
Patients (...
Cross-sectionally, using an analysis of variance, patients in the highest anticholinergic burden group had the poorest performance in verbal memory when compared to the other groups at month 3,...
These findings highlight the importance of considering the anticholinergic burden when prescribing medications in the early stages of the disease....