{
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@graph": [
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Paralysie pseudobulbaire : Questions médicales les plus fréquentes",
"headline": "Paralysie pseudobulbaire : Comprendre les symptômes, diagnostics et traitements",
"description": "Guide complet et accessible sur les Paralysie pseudobulbaire : explications, diagnostics, traitements et prévention. Information médicale validée destinée aux patients.",
"datePublished": "2024-02-02",
"dateModified": "2025-04-27",
"inLanguage": "fr",
"medicalAudience": [
{
"@type": "MedicalAudience",
"name": "Grand public",
"audienceType": "Patient",
"healthCondition": {
"@type": "MedicalCondition",
"name": "Paralysie pseudobulbaire"
},
"suggestedMinAge": 18,
"suggestedGender": "unisex"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalAudience",
"name": "Médecins",
"audienceType": "Physician",
"geographicArea": {
"@type": "AdministrativeArea",
"name": "France"
}
},
{
"@type": "MedicalAudience",
"name": "Chercheurs",
"audienceType": "Researcher",
"geographicArea": {
"@type": "AdministrativeArea",
"name": "International"
}
}
],
"reviewedBy": {
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Dr Olivier Menir",
"jobTitle": "Expert en Médecine",
"description": "Expert en Médecine, Optimisation des Parcours de Soins et Révision Médicale",
"url": "/static/pages/docteur-olivier-menir.html",
"alumniOf": {
"@type": "EducationalOrganization",
"name": "Université Paris Descartes"
}
},
"isPartOf": {
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Paralysie",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D010243",
"about": {
"@type": "MedicalCondition",
"name": "Paralysie",
"code": {
"@type": "MedicalCode",
"code": "D010243",
"codingSystem": "MeSH"
},
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "MeSH Tree",
"value": "C23.888.592.636"
}
}
},
"about": {
"@type": "MedicalCondition",
"name": "Paralysie pseudobulbaire",
"alternateName": "Pseudobulbar Palsy",
"code": {
"@type": "MedicalCode",
"code": "D020828",
"codingSystem": "MeSH"
}
},
"author": [
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Kenjiro Kunieda",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Kenjiro%20Kunieda",
"affiliation": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Neurology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, JPN."
}
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Tomohisa Ohno",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Tomohisa%20Ohno",
"affiliation": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Dentistry, Hamamatsu City Rehabilitation Hospital, Hamamatsu, JPN."
}
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Ichiro Fujishima",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Ichiro%20Fujishima",
"affiliation": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Rehabilitation Medicine, Hamamatsu City Rehabilitation Hospital, Hamamatsu, JPN."
}
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Victor Kekere",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Victor%20Kekere",
"affiliation": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Psychiatry, Interfaith Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA."
}
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Patrice Fouron",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Patrice%20Fouron",
"affiliation": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Psychiatry, Interfaith Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA."
}
}
],
"citation": [
{
"@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
"name": "Communication to promote and support physical distancing for COVID-19 prevention and control.",
"datePublished": "2023-10-09",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/37811673",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.1002/14651858.CD015144"
}
},
{
"@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
"name": "Physical distancing versus testing with self-isolation for controlling an emerging epidemic.",
"datePublished": "2023-05-20",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/37210388",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.1038/s41598-023-35083-x"
}
},
{
"@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
"name": "An index of access to essential infrastructure to identify where physical distancing is impossible.",
"datePublished": "2022-06-14",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/35701421",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.1038/s41467-022-30812-8"
}
},
{
"@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
"name": "Adherence to Physical Distancing and Health Beliefs About COVID-19 Among Patients With Cancer.",
"datePublished": "2023-11-06",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/37935163",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e336"
}
},
{
"@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
"name": "Assessing classroom and laboratory spread of COVID-19 in a university after elimination of physical distancing.",
"datePublished": "2023-03-16",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/36928029",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.1371/journal.pone.0283050"
}
}
],
"breadcrumb": {
"@type": "BreadcrumbList",
"itemListElement": [
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 1,
"name": "questionsmedicales.fr",
"item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr"
},
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 2,
"name": "États, signes et symptômes pathologiques",
"item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D013568"
},
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 3,
"name": "Signes et symptômes",
"item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D012816"
},
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 4,
"name": "Manifestations neurologiques",
"item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D009461"
},
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 5,
"name": "Paralysie",
"item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D010243"
},
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 6,
"name": "Paralysie pseudobulbaire",
"item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D020828"
}
]
}
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Article complet : Paralysie pseudobulbaire - Questions et réponses",
"headline": "Questions et réponses médicales fréquentes sur Paralysie pseudobulbaire",
"description": "Une compilation de questions et réponses structurées, validées par des experts médicaux.",
"datePublished": "2025-05-07",
"inLanguage": "fr",
"hasPart": [
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Diagnostic",
"headline": "Diagnostic sur Paralysie pseudobulbaire",
"description": "Comment diagnostique-t-on la paralysie pseudobulbaire ?\nQuels tests sont utilisés pour le diagnostic ?\nQuels symptômes aident au diagnostic ?\nLa paralysie pseudobulbaire est-elle toujours associée à d'autres maladies ?\nPeut-on confondre cette paralysie avec d'autres troubles ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D020828?mesh_terms=Physical+Distancing#section-diagnostic"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Symptômes",
"headline": "Symptômes sur Paralysie pseudobulbaire",
"description": "Quels sont les principaux symptômes de la paralysie pseudobulbaire ?\nLa difficulté à parler est-elle un symptôme courant ?\nLes patients ressentent-ils de la douleur ?\nY a-t-il des variations dans les symptômes ?\nLes symptômes peuvent-ils s'aggraver avec le temps ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D020828?mesh_terms=Physical+Distancing#section-symptômes"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Prévention",
"headline": "Prévention sur Paralysie pseudobulbaire",
"description": "Peut-on prévenir la paralysie pseudobulbaire ?\nComment réduire le risque de paralysie pseudobulbaire ?\nLes AVC peuvent-ils être prévenus ?\nLa réhabilitation précoce aide-t-elle à prévenir la paralysie ?\nLes habitudes alimentaires influencent-elles le risque ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D020828?mesh_terms=Physical+Distancing#section-prévention"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Traitements",
"headline": "Traitements sur Paralysie pseudobulbaire",
"description": "Quels traitements sont disponibles pour la paralysie pseudobulbaire ?\nLa rééducation est-elle utile ?\nLes médicaments peuvent-ils réduire les symptômes ?\nY a-t-il des traitements non médicamenteux ?\nLes traitements sont-ils efficaces pour tous les patients ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D020828?mesh_terms=Physical+Distancing#section-traitements"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Complications",
"headline": "Complications sur Paralysie pseudobulbaire",
"description": "Quelles complications peuvent survenir avec la paralysie pseudobulbaire ?\nLa dépression est-elle une complication fréquente ?\nLes complications affectent-elles la qualité de vie ?\nY a-t-il des risques d'isolement social ?\nLes complications peuvent-elles être traitées ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D020828?mesh_terms=Physical+Distancing#section-complications"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Facteurs de risque",
"headline": "Facteurs de risque sur Paralysie pseudobulbaire",
"description": "Quels sont les principaux facteurs de risque ?\nL'âge influence-t-il le risque de paralysie pseudobulbaire ?\nLes antécédents familiaux jouent-ils un rôle ?\nLe mode de vie peut-il influencer le risque ?\nLes maladies cardiovasculaires sont-elles un facteur de risque ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D020828?mesh_terms=Physical+Distancing#section-facteurs de risque"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "FAQPage",
"mainEntity": [
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment diagnostique-t-on la paralysie pseudobulbaire ?",
"position": 1,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le diagnostic repose sur l'examen clinique et l'évaluation des symptômes neurologiques."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels tests sont utilisés pour le diagnostic ?",
"position": 2,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des tests d'imagerie cérébrale comme l'IRM peuvent être utilisés pour identifier les lésions."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels symptômes aident au diagnostic ?",
"position": 3,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les symptômes incluent des accès de rire ou de pleurs inappropriés et des troubles de la parole."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "La paralysie pseudobulbaire est-elle toujours associée à d'autres maladies ?",
"position": 4,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Elle est souvent associée à des maladies neurologiques comme la sclérose en plaques ou les AVC."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Peut-on confondre cette paralysie avec d'autres troubles ?",
"position": 5,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, elle peut être confondue avec d'autres troubles affectant le contrôle émotionnel et moteur."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels sont les principaux symptômes de la paralysie pseudobulbaire ?",
"position": 6,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les principaux symptômes incluent des crises de rire ou de pleurs incontrôlables."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "La difficulté à parler est-elle un symptôme courant ?",
"position": 7,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les patients peuvent éprouver des difficultés à articuler et à contrôler leur voix."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les patients ressentent-ils de la douleur ?",
"position": 8,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La paralysie pseudobulbaire ne cause généralement pas de douleur physique, mais des malaises émotionnels."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Y a-t-il des variations dans les symptômes ?",
"position": 9,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les symptômes peuvent varier en intensité et en fréquence d'un patient à l'autre."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les symptômes peuvent-ils s'aggraver avec le temps ?",
"position": 10,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, sans traitement, les symptômes peuvent s'aggraver et affecter la qualité de vie."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Peut-on prévenir la paralysie pseudobulbaire ?",
"position": 11,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Il n'existe pas de méthode de prévention spécifique, mais la gestion des maladies sous-jacentes peut aider."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment réduire le risque de paralysie pseudobulbaire ?",
"position": 12,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Adopter un mode de vie sain et traiter les affections neurologiques peut réduire le risque."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les AVC peuvent-ils être prévenus ?",
"position": 13,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, en contrôlant les facteurs de risque comme l'hypertension et le diabète, on peut réduire les AVC."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "La réhabilitation précoce aide-t-elle à prévenir la paralysie ?",
"position": 14,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, une réhabilitation précoce après un AVC ou une lésion cérébrale peut aider à prévenir la paralysie."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les habitudes alimentaires influencent-elles le risque ?",
"position": 15,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, une alimentation équilibrée peut contribuer à la santé neurologique et réduire les risques."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels traitements sont disponibles pour la paralysie pseudobulbaire ?",
"position": 16,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les traitements incluent des médicaments comme les antidépresseurs et la thérapie comportementale."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "La rééducation est-elle utile ?",
"position": 17,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, la rééducation orthophonique peut aider à améliorer les capacités de communication."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les médicaments peuvent-ils réduire les symptômes ?",
"position": 18,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, certains médicaments peuvent réduire la fréquence et l'intensité des épisodes émotionnels."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Y a-t-il des traitements non médicamenteux ?",
"position": 19,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des approches comme la thérapie psychologique peuvent également être bénéfiques."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les traitements sont-ils efficaces pour tous les patients ?",
"position": 20,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "L'efficacité des traitements peut varier selon les individus et la gravité des symptômes."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles complications peuvent survenir avec la paralysie pseudobulbaire ?",
"position": 21,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les complications incluent des troubles de la déglutition et des problèmes de communication."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "La dépression est-elle une complication fréquente ?",
"position": 22,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les patients peuvent développer une dépression en raison de l'impact émotionnel de la maladie."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les complications affectent-elles la qualité de vie ?",
"position": 23,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les complications peuvent significativement altérer la qualité de vie des patients."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Y a-t-il des risques d'isolement social ?",
"position": 24,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les difficultés de communication peuvent entraîner un isolement social pour les patients."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les complications peuvent-elles être traitées ?",
"position": 25,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Certaines complications peuvent être gérées avec des traitements appropriés et un soutien."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels sont les principaux facteurs de risque ?",
"position": 26,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les AVC, les maladies neurodégénératives et les traumatismes crâniens sont des facteurs de risque."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "L'âge influence-t-il le risque de paralysie pseudobulbaire ?",
"position": 27,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, le risque augmente avec l'âge, surtout chez les personnes âgées ayant des antécédents médicaux."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les antécédents familiaux jouent-ils un rôle ?",
"position": 28,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, des antécédents familiaux de maladies neurologiques peuvent augmenter le risque."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Le mode de vie peut-il influencer le risque ?",
"position": 29,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, un mode de vie sédentaire et une mauvaise alimentation peuvent augmenter le risque."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les maladies cardiovasculaires sont-elles un facteur de risque ?",
"position": 30,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les maladies cardiovasculaires augmentent le risque de paralysie pseudobulbaire par AVC."
}
}
]
}
]
}
From the Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology/Neurosurgery, McGill University; and Division of Pediatric Neurology, Montreal Children's Hospital-McGill University Health Centre, Canada. michael.shevell@muhc.mcgill.ca.
Division of Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 4007, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
Faculty of Medicine (JPL), McGill University, Montreal, QC; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology and Neurosurgery (MO, MS), McGill University, Montreal, QC; Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (MO, PN, MS), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC; Department of Pediatrics (JA), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB; Janeway Children's Hospital (DB), St. John's, NL; Department of Paediatrics (DF), University of Toronto, Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, ON; Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (AK), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB; Centre de réadaptation Marie Enfant du CHU Sainte-Justine (LK), Montreal, QC; Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (NP), Sherbrooke, QC; BC Children's Hospital (EvR), Vancouver, BC; and IWK Health Centre (EW), Halifax, NS, Canada.
Clinical Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin 300380, China; National Clinical Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300380.
Clinical Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin 300380, China; National Clinical Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300380.
Clinical Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin 300380, China; National Clinical Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300380.
Clinical Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin 300380, China; National Clinical Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300380.
This review is an update of a rapid review undertaken in 2020 to identify relevant, feasible and effective communication approaches to promote acceptance, uptake and adherence to physical distancing m...
To update the evidence on the question 'What are relevant, feasible and effective communication approaches to promote acceptance, uptake and adherence to physical distancing measures for COVID-19 prev...
to explore and identify key elements of effective communication for physical distancing measures for different (diverse) populations and groups....
We searched MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library databases from inception, with searches for this update including the period 1 January 2020 to 18 August 2021. Systematic review and study repositories...
Guidelines or reviews focusing on communication (information, education, reminders, facilitating decision-making, skills acquisition, supporting behaviour change, support, involvement in decision-maki...
Methods were based on the original rapid review, using methods developed by McMaster University and informed by Cochrane rapid review guidance. Screening, data extraction, quality assessment and synth...
This review update includes 68 studies, with 17 guidelines and 20 reviews added to the original 31 studies. Synthesis identified six major themes, which can be used to inform policy and decision-makin...
Implications for practice Evidence highlights the critical role of communication throughout a public health emergency. Like any intervention, communication can be done well or poorly, but the conseque...
Two distinct strategies for controlling an emerging epidemic are physical distancing and regular testing with self-isolation. These strategies are especially important before effective vaccines or tre...
To identify areas at highest risk of infectious disease transmission in Africa, we develop a physical distancing index (PDI) based on the share of households without access to private toilets, water, ...
This study aimed to validate questionnaires on adherence to physical distancing and health beliefs about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among patients with cancer and explore their interaction wi...
Through an online survey, data from 154 cancer patients (female: 82.5%, breast cancer: 66.2%, current cancer treatment, presence: 65.6%) were collected from March to June 2022. The survey gathered res...
The CFA showed a good model fit for adherence to physical distancing (comparative fit index [CFI] = 1.000, Tucker-Lewis index [TLI] = 0.930, root-mean-square-error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.000, an...
The questionnaires are reliable and valid. Patients with cancer may be able to adhere to physical distancing by addressing perceived severity, viral anxiety, perceived benefits, self-efficacy, perceiv...
The objective of this study was to assess COVID-19 classroom transmission in the university setting when physical distancing was eliminated. Data was collected in fall 2021 at a private university. Un...
Most governments have enacted physical or social distancing measures to control COVID-19 transmission. Yet little is known about the socio-economic trade-offs of these measures, especially for vulnera...
At least 60 min of moderate-intensity physical activity per day is recommended for physical and mental health of adolescents. Schools are one of the most suitable places for promoting students' health...
We included 29,882 middle school students (age: 13-15 years; males: 14,941, females: 12,841) in Korea from 2019 to 2021 . Participants' physical fitness at school was measured using the physical activ...
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the BMI and cardiorespiratory endurance of Korean middle school students. Specifically, male students' BMI increased, while body composition, cardior...
Fitness-based classes suitable for online methods should be urgently added as alternative physical education classes to prepare for the second COVID-19 outbreak. In addition, it is necessary to create...
With the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, public health measures such as physical distancing were recommended to reduce transmission of the virus causing the disease. However...
The social and physical isolation caused by COVID-19 changed the world's educational reality. This article aimed to identify publications in the world literature that report the impacts of such isolat...
Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, physical distancing and hand washing have been used as effective means to reduce virus transmission in the Netherlands. However, these measures pose a soci...
A longitudinal survey was conducted between July and November 2020 on a representative Dutch sample (n = 800). Respondents reported their intentions, habit strengths, and adherence regarding six conte...
Dutch respondents generally had strong intentions to adhere to all preventive measures and their adherence rates were between 70% and 90%. They also self-reported to experience their behaviours as mor...
People's adaptations to physical-distancing and hand washing measures involve both intentional and habitual processes. For public health management, our findings highlight the importance of using cont...