Manifestations neuromusculaires : Questions médicales fréquentes

{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@graph": [ { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Manifestations neuromusculaires : Questions médicales les plus fréquentes", "headline": "Manifestations neuromusculaires : Comprendre les symptômes, diagnostics et traitements", "description": "Guide complet et accessible sur les Manifestations neuromusculaires : explications, diagnostics, traitements et prévention. Information médicale validée destinée aux patients.", "datePublished": "2024-01-13", "dateModified": "2025-04-07", "inLanguage": "fr", "medicalAudience": [ { "@type": "MedicalAudience", "name": "Grand public", "audienceType": "Patient", "healthCondition": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Manifestations neuromusculaires" }, "suggestedMinAge": 18, "suggestedGender": "unisex" }, { "@type": "MedicalAudience", "name": "Médecins", "audienceType": "Physician", "geographicArea": { "@type": "AdministrativeArea", "name": "France" } }, { "@type": "MedicalAudience", "name": "Chercheurs", "audienceType": "Researcher", "geographicArea": { "@type": "AdministrativeArea", "name": "International" } } ], "reviewedBy": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Dr Olivier Menir", "jobTitle": "Expert en Médecine", "description": "Expert en Médecine, Optimisation des Parcours de Soins et Révision Médicale", "url": "/static/pages/docteur-olivier-menir.html", "alumniOf": { "@type": "EducationalOrganization", "name": "Université Paris Descartes" } }, "isPartOf": { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Manifestations neurologiques", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D009461", "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Manifestations neurologiques", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D009461", "codingSystem": "MeSH" }, "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "MeSH Tree", "value": "C23.888.592" } } }, "hasPart": [ { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Fasciculation", "alternateName": "Fasciculation", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D005207", "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Fasciculation", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D005207", "codingSystem": "MeSH" }, "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "MeSH Tree", "value": "C23.888.592.608.250" } } }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Crampe musculaire", "alternateName": "Muscle Cramp", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D009120", "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Crampe musculaire", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D009120", "codingSystem": "MeSH" }, "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "MeSH Tree", "value": "C23.888.592.608.500" } } }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Hypertonie musculaire", "alternateName": "Muscle Hypertonia", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D009122", "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Hypertonie musculaire", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D009122", "codingSystem": "MeSH" }, "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "MeSH Tree", "value": "C23.888.592.608.550" } }, "hasPart": [ { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Raideur musculaire", "alternateName": "Muscle Rigidity", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D009127", "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Raideur musculaire", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D009127", "codingSystem": "MeSH" }, "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "MeSH Tree", "value": "C23.888.592.608.550.500" } } }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Spasticité musculaire", "alternateName": "Muscle Spasticity", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D009128", "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Spasticité musculaire", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D009128", "codingSystem": "MeSH" }, "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "MeSH Tree", "value": "C23.888.592.608.550.550" } } } ] }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Hypotonie musculaire", "alternateName": "Muscle Hypotonia", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D009123", "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Hypotonie musculaire", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D009123", "codingSystem": "MeSH" }, "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "MeSH Tree", "value": "C23.888.592.608.575" } } }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Faiblesse musculaire", "alternateName": "Muscle Weakness", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D018908", "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Faiblesse musculaire", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D018908", "codingSystem": "MeSH" }, "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "MeSH Tree", "value": "C23.888.592.608.593" } }, "hasPart": [ { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Syndrome de la tête tombante", "alternateName": "Dropped Head Syndrome", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D000094222", "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Syndrome de la tête tombante", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D000094222", "codingSystem": "MeSH" }, "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "MeSH Tree", "value": "C23.888.592.608.593.500" } } } ] }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Amyotrophie", "alternateName": "Muscular Atrophy", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D009133", "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Amyotrophie", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D009133", "codingSystem": "MeSH" }, "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "MeSH Tree", "value": "C23.888.592.608.612" } }, "hasPart": [ { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Sarcopénie", "alternateName": "Sarcopenia", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D055948", "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Sarcopénie", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D055948", "codingSystem": "MeSH" }, "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "MeSH Tree", "value": "C23.888.592.608.612.500" } } } ] }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Myokymie", "alternateName": "Myokymia", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D020385", "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Myokymie", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D020385", "codingSystem": "MeSH" }, "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "MeSH Tree", "value": "C23.888.592.608.650" } } }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Myotonie", "alternateName": "Myotonia", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D009222", "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Myotonie", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D009222", "codingSystem": "MeSH" }, "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "MeSH Tree", "value": "C23.888.592.608.700" } } }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Spasme", "alternateName": "Spasm", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D013035", "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Spasme", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D013035", "codingSystem": "MeSH" }, "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "MeSH Tree", "value": "C23.888.592.608.750" } }, "hasPart": [ { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Spasme hémifacial", "alternateName": "Hemifacial Spasm", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D019569", "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Spasme hémifacial", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D019569", "codingSystem": "MeSH" }, "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "MeSH Tree", "value": "C23.888.592.608.750.400" } } }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Trismus", "alternateName": "Trismus", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D014313", "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Trismus", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D014313", "codingSystem": "MeSH" }, "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "MeSH Tree", "value": "C23.888.592.608.750.700" } } } ] }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Tétanie", "alternateName": "Tetany", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D013746", "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Tétanie", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D013746", "codingSystem": "MeSH" }, "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "MeSH Tree", "value": "C23.888.592.608.875" } } } ], "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Manifestations neuromusculaires", "alternateName": "Neuromuscular Manifestations", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D020879", "codingSystem": "MeSH" } }, "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Michael S Cartwright", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Michael%20S%20Cartwright", "affiliation": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Neurology Department, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA." } }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Heinz Jungbluth", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Heinz%20Jungbluth", "affiliation": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Department of Paediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Service, Evelina's Children Hospital, Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signalling Section, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine (FoLSM), King's College London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Heinz.Jungbluth@gstt.nhs.uk." } }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "David Lacomis", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/David%20Lacomis", "affiliation": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States." } }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Miguel A Fernandez-Garcia", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Miguel%20A%20Fernandez-Garcia", "affiliation": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Department of Paediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Service, Evelina's Children Hospital, Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom." } }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Ruple S Laughlin", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Ruple%20S%20Laughlin", "affiliation": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA." } } ], "citation": [ { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "name": "Systematic Review of Self-Report Measures of Maternal Self-Efficacy.", "datePublished": "2022-06-17", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/35724766", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1016/j.jogn.2022.05.003" } }, { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "name": "An evaluation of the self-report instruments assessing self-control: A systematic review.", "datePublished": "2022-10-27", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/36303428", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1111/sjop.12881" } }, { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "name": "Associations among claims-based care fragmentation, self-reported gaps in care coordination, and self-reported adverse events.", "datePublished": "2024-09-10", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/39256705", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1186/s12913-024-11440-y" } }, { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "name": "Inspire self report scale (ISRS): A feasibility study of a Novel self report scale for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.", "datePublished": "2023-06-30", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/37531843", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.05.047" } }, { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "name": "A comparison between self-reported hand eczema and self-reported signs and symptoms of skin lesions indicating hand eczema.", "datePublished": "2022-07-21", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/35808939", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1111/cod.14183" } } ], "breadcrumb": { "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "name": "questionsmedicales.fr", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "name": "États, signes et symptômes pathologiques", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D013568" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "name": "Signes et symptômes", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D012816" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 4, "name": "Manifestations neurologiques", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D009461" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 5, "name": "Manifestations neuromusculaires", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D020879" } ] } }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Article complet : Manifestations neuromusculaires - Questions et réponses", "headline": "Questions et réponses médicales fréquentes sur Manifestations neuromusculaires", "description": "Une compilation de questions et réponses structurées, validées par des experts médicaux.", "datePublished": "2025-05-18", "inLanguage": "fr", "hasPart": [ { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Diagnostic", "headline": "Diagnostic sur Manifestations neuromusculaires", "description": "Comment diagnostiquer une myopathie ?\nQuels examens pour les neuropathies ?\nQuel rôle des tests génétiques ?\nComment évaluer la force musculaire ?\nQuand faire une IRM musculaire ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D020879?mesh_terms=Self+Report#section-diagnostic" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Symptômes", "headline": "Symptômes sur Manifestations neuromusculaires", "description": "Quels sont les symptômes d'une dystrophie musculaire ?\nComment se manifeste une neuropathie périphérique ?\nQuels signes d'une myasthénie ?\nQuels symptômes d'une sclérose latérale amyotrophique ?\nComment reconnaître un syndrome de Guillain-Barré ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D020879?mesh_terms=Self+Report#section-symptômes" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Prévention", "headline": "Prévention sur Manifestations neuromusculaires", "description": "Peut-on prévenir les neuropathies ?\nComment prévenir les crampes musculaires ?\nY a-t-il des mesures préventives pour la myopathie ?\nComment éviter les blessures musculaires ?\nPeut-on prévenir la sclérose latérale amyotrophique ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D020879?mesh_terms=Self+Report#section-prévention" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Traitements", "headline": "Traitements sur Manifestations neuromusculaires", "description": "Quels traitements pour la myopathie ?\nComment traiter une neuropathie diabétique ?\nQuel est le traitement de la myasthénie ?\nQuelles options pour la sclérose latérale amyotrophique ?\nComment gérer le syndrome de Guillain-Barré ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D020879?mesh_terms=Self+Report#section-traitements" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Complications", "headline": "Complications sur Manifestations neuromusculaires", "description": "Quelles complications des myopathies ?\nQuels risques avec la neuropathie ?\nQuelles complications de la myasthénie ?\nQuels problèmes liés à la sclérose latérale amyotrophique ?\nQuelles complications du syndrome de Guillain-Barré ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D020879?mesh_terms=Self+Report#section-complications" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Facteurs de risque", "headline": "Facteurs de risque sur Manifestations neuromusculaires", "description": "Quels facteurs de risque pour les myopathies ?\nQuels risques pour la neuropathie diabétique ?\nQuels facteurs de risque pour la myasthénie ?\nQuels risques pour la sclérose latérale amyotrophique ?\nQuels facteurs de risque pour le syndrome de Guillain-Barré ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D020879?mesh_terms=Self+Report#section-facteurs de risque" } ] }, { "@type": "FAQPage", "mainEntity": [ { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment diagnostiquer une myopathie ?", "position": 1, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Un diagnostic de myopathie nécessite un examen clinique, des tests sanguins et une biopsie musculaire." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels examens pour les neuropathies ?", "position": 2, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les neuropathies sont diagnostiquées par électromyogramme (EMG) et études de conduction nerveuse." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quel rôle des tests génétiques ?", "position": 3, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les tests génétiques aident à identifier des maladies neuromusculaires héréditaires spécifiques." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment évaluer la force musculaire ?", "position": 4, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "La force musculaire est évaluée par des tests de force manuelle et des échelles standardisées." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quand faire une IRM musculaire ?", "position": 5, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "L'IRM musculaire est indiquée pour visualiser des anomalies structurelles dans les muscles." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels sont les symptômes d'une dystrophie musculaire ?", "position": 6, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les symptômes incluent faiblesse musculaire progressive, crampes et difficultés à marcher." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment se manifeste une neuropathie périphérique ?", "position": 7, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Elle se manifeste par des douleurs, des picotements et une perte de sensation dans les membres." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels signes d'une myasthénie ?", "position": 8, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les signes incluent fatigue musculaire, ptosis (chute des paupières) et troubles de la déglutition." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels symptômes d'une sclérose latérale amyotrophique ?", "position": 9, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les symptômes incluent faiblesse musculaire, crampes et difficultés à parler et à avaler." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment reconnaître un syndrome de Guillain-Barré ?", "position": 10, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Il se manifeste par une faiblesse musculaire rapide, des picotements et des réflexes diminués." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Peut-on prévenir les neuropathies ?", "position": 11, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "La prévention inclut le contrôle des maladies chroniques comme le diabète et l'évitement des toxines." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment prévenir les crampes musculaires ?", "position": 12, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "L'hydratation, l'étirement régulier et une alimentation équilibrée aident à prévenir les crampes." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Y a-t-il des mesures préventives pour la myopathie ?", "position": 13, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Il n'existe pas de prévention spécifique, mais un diagnostic précoce peut aider à gérer les symptômes." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment éviter les blessures musculaires ?", "position": 14, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Un échauffement adéquat, des exercices appropriés et une bonne technique réduisent les blessures." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Peut-on prévenir la sclérose latérale amyotrophique ?", "position": 15, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Actuellement, il n'existe pas de méthode prouvée pour prévenir la sclérose latérale amyotrophique." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels traitements pour la myopathie ?", "position": 16, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Le traitement peut inclure des corticostéroïdes, de la physiothérapie et des médicaments immunosuppresseurs." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment traiter une neuropathie diabétique ?", "position": 17, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Le traitement comprend le contrôle de la glycémie, des analgésiques et des thérapies physiques." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quel est le traitement de la myasthénie ?", "position": 18, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Le traitement inclut des inhibiteurs de l'acétylcholinestérase et parfois des immunosuppresseurs." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles options pour la sclérose latérale amyotrophique ?", "position": 19, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les options incluent des médicaments pour ralentir la progression et des soins palliatifs." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment gérer le syndrome de Guillain-Barré ?", "position": 20, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Le traitement peut inclure des immunoglobulines intraveineuses et une rééducation physique." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles complications des myopathies ?", "position": 21, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les complications peuvent inclure des déformations squelettiques, des problèmes respiratoires et cardiaques." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels risques avec la neuropathie ?", "position": 22, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les risques incluent des blessures dues à une perte de sensation et des infections cutanées." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles complications de la myasthénie ?", "position": 23, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les complications peuvent inclure des crises myasthéniques, affectant la respiration et la déglutition." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels problèmes liés à la sclérose latérale amyotrophique ?", "position": 24, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les problèmes incluent la paralysie progressive, des difficultés respiratoires et des infections." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles complications du syndrome de Guillain-Barré ?", "position": 25, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les complications peuvent inclure des problèmes respiratoires, des douleurs chroniques et des séquelles neurologiques." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels facteurs de risque pour les myopathies ?", "position": 26, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les facteurs incluent des antécédents familiaux, des infections virales et des troubles métaboliques." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels risques pour la neuropathie diabétique ?", "position": 27, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Le diabète mal contrôlé, l'obésité et l'hypertension augmentent le risque de neuropathie." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels facteurs de risque pour la myasthénie ?", "position": 28, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les facteurs incluent des maladies auto-immunes, des infections et des antécédents familiaux." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels risques pour la sclérose latérale amyotrophique ?", "position": 29, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les facteurs de risque incluent l'âge avancé, le sexe masculin et des antécédents familiaux." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels facteurs de risque pour le syndrome de Guillain-Barré ?", "position": 30, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les infections virales, notamment la grippe, et des antécédents de vaccination peuvent être des facteurs de risque." } } ] } ] }