Titre : Principe du double effet

Principe du double effet : Questions médicales fréquentes

Termes MeSH sélectionnés :

Exercise Test
{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@graph": [ { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Principe du double effet : Questions médicales les plus fréquentes", "headline": "Principe du double effet : Comprendre les symptômes, diagnostics et traitements", "description": "Guide complet et accessible sur les Principe du double effet : explications, diagnostics, traitements et prévention. Information médicale validée destinée aux patients.", "datePublished": "2024-03-24", "dateModified": "2025-03-19", "inLanguage": "fr", "medicalAudience": [ { "@type": "MedicalAudience", "name": "Grand public", "audienceType": "Patient", "healthCondition": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Principe du double effet" }, "suggestedMinAge": 18, "suggestedGender": "unisex" }, { "@type": "MedicalAudience", "name": "Médecins", "audienceType": "Physician", "geographicArea": { "@type": "AdministrativeArea", "name": "France" } }, { "@type": "MedicalAudience", "name": "Chercheurs", "audienceType": "Researcher", "geographicArea": { "@type": "AdministrativeArea", "name": "International" } } ], "reviewedBy": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Dr Olivier Menir", "jobTitle": "Expert en Médecine", "description": "Expert en Médecine, Optimisation des Parcours de Soins et Révision Médicale", "url": "/static/pages/docteur-olivier-menir.html", "alumniOf": { "@type": "EducationalOrganization", "name": "Université Paris Descartes" } }, "isPartOf": { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Éthique", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D004989", "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Éthique", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D004989", "codingSystem": "MeSH" }, "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "MeSH Tree", "value": "N05.350" } } }, "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Principe du double effet", "alternateName": "Double Effect Principle", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D034723", "codingSystem": "MeSH" } }, "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Tao Zhang", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Tao%20Zhang", "affiliation": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "" } }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Shiyou Chen", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Shiyou%20Chen", "affiliation": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "" } }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Muhammad Faizan", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Muhammad%20Faizan", "affiliation": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Department of Physics, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan. faizanstd@uop.edu.pk shkhan@uop.edu.pk." } }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Jiahao Xie", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Jiahao%20Xie", "affiliation": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "" } }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Ghulam Murtaza", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Ghulam%20Murtaza", "affiliation": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "" } } ], "citation": [ { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "name": "Prognostic value of cardiopulmonary exercise test in children with congenital heart defects.", "datePublished": "2024-08-19", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/39160087", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1136/openhrt-2024-002820" } }, { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "name": "Exercise testing to guide safe discharge from hospital in COVID-19: a scoping review to identify candidate tests.", "datePublished": "2023-10-31", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/37907292", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068169" } }, { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "name": "Guidance and standard operating procedures for functional exercise testing in cystic fibrosis.", "datePublished": "2023-08-09", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/37558263", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1183/16000617.0029-2023" } }, { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "name": "Cardiopulmonary exercise testing for patients with anorexia nervosa: a case-control study.", "datePublished": "2022-10-22", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/36271269", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1007/s40519-022-01492-6" } }, { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "name": "Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Interpretation in Athletes: What the Cardiologist Should Know.", "datePublished": "2022-10-21", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/36368812", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1016/j.ccl.2022.08.006" } } ], "breadcrumb": { "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "name": "questionsmedicales.fr", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "name": "Qualité, accès, évaluation des soins de santé", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D017530" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "name": "Éthique", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D004989" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 4, "name": "Principe du double effet", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D034723" } ] } }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Article complet : Principe du double effet - Questions et réponses", "headline": "Questions et réponses médicales fréquentes sur Principe du double effet", "description": "Une compilation de questions et réponses structurées, validées par des experts médicaux.", "datePublished": "2025-05-12", "inLanguage": "fr", "hasPart": [ { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Diagnostic", "headline": "Diagnostic sur Principe du double effet", "description": "Comment évaluer le besoin d'un traitement selon ce principe ?\nQuels critères déterminent l'application du double effet ?\nComment le double effet s'applique-t-il en oncologie ?\nQuelles sont les implications légales du double effet ?\nComment le double effet est-il perçu par les patients ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D034723?mesh_terms=Exercise+Test&page=5#section-diagnostic" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Symptômes", "headline": "Symptômes sur Principe du double effet", "description": "Quels symptômes peuvent justifier l'application du double effet ?\nComment évaluer la douleur en fin de vie ?\nQuels sont les effets secondaires possibles des traitements ?\nComment gérer l'anxiété en soins palliatifs ?\nQuels symptômes peuvent être aggravés par le traitement ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D034723?mesh_terms=Exercise+Test&page=5#section-symptômes" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Prévention", "headline": "Prévention sur Principe du double effet", "description": "Comment prévenir la douleur en soins palliatifs ?\nQuelles stratégies de communication sont efficaces ?\nComment impliquer la famille dans le processus ?\nQuels rôles jouent les soins palliatifs dans la prévention ?\nComment éduquer les patients sur le double effet ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D034723?mesh_terms=Exercise+Test&page=5#section-prévention" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Traitements", "headline": "Traitements sur Principe du double effet", "description": "Quels traitements sont souvent justifiés par le double effet ?\nComment choisir un traitement en respectant le double effet ?\nQuels médicaments sont couramment utilisés en soins palliatifs ?\nComment évaluer l'efficacité d'un traitement ?\nQuels sont les risques d'une sédation profonde ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D034723?mesh_terms=Exercise+Test&page=5#section-traitements" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Complications", "headline": "Complications sur Principe du double effet", "description": "Quelles complications peuvent survenir avec le double effet ?\nComment gérer les complications des traitements ?\nQuels sont les dilemmes éthiques associés ?\nComment prévenir les malentendus sur le double effet ?\nQuels impacts psychologiques peuvent résulter du double effet ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D034723?mesh_terms=Exercise+Test&page=5#section-complications" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Facteurs de risque", "headline": "Facteurs de risque sur Principe du double effet", "description": "Quels facteurs augmentent le besoin de soins palliatifs ?\nComment l'âge influence-t-il le principe du double effet ?\nQuels rôles jouent les croyances culturelles ?\nComment les antécédents médicaux affectent-ils le traitement ?\nQuels facteurs psychologiques influencent le traitement ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D034723?mesh_terms=Exercise+Test&page=5#section-facteurs de risque" } ] }, { "@type": "FAQPage", "mainEntity": [ { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment évaluer le besoin d'un traitement selon ce principe ?", "position": 1, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Évaluer les bénéfices et les risques du traitement pour le patient en fin de vie." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels critères déterminent l'application du double effet ?", "position": 2, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les critères incluent l'intention, la proportionnalité et la distinction entre effets." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment le double effet s'applique-t-il en oncologie ?", "position": 3, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Il est souvent utilisé pour justifier l'analgésie dans le traitement de la douleur cancéreuse." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles sont les implications légales du double effet ?", "position": 4, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les implications varient selon les juridictions, mais il peut protéger les médecins d'accusations." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment le double effet est-il perçu par les patients ?", "position": 5, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les perceptions varient, certains acceptent l'idée, d'autres craignent l'euthanasie déguisée." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels symptômes peuvent justifier l'application du double effet ?", "position": 6, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les symptômes intenses comme la douleur, l'anxiété ou la dyspnée peuvent justifier son application." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment évaluer la douleur en fin de vie ?", "position": 7, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Utiliser des échelles de douleur pour évaluer l'intensité et adapter le traitement." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels sont les effets secondaires possibles des traitements ?", "position": 8, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les effets secondaires peuvent inclure sédation, nausées ou dépression respiratoire." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment gérer l'anxiété en soins palliatifs ?", "position": 9, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Utiliser des anxiolytiques ou des thérapies non médicamenteuses pour soulager l'anxiété." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels symptômes peuvent être aggravés par le traitement ?", "position": 10, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des symptômes comme la confusion ou la fatigue peuvent être exacerbés par certains traitements." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment prévenir la douleur en soins palliatifs ?", "position": 11, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Anticiper les besoins en analgésie et éduquer le patient sur la gestion de la douleur." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles stratégies de communication sont efficaces ?", "position": 12, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Utiliser une communication claire et empathique pour discuter des traitements et des effets." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment impliquer la famille dans le processus ?", "position": 13, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Impliquer la famille dans les décisions de traitement pour assurer un soutien adéquat." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels rôles jouent les soins palliatifs dans la prévention ?", "position": 14, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les soins palliatifs visent à prévenir la souffrance et à améliorer la qualité de vie." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment éduquer les patients sur le double effet ?", "position": 15, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Fournir des informations claires sur le principe et ses implications pour les décisions de traitement." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels traitements sont souvent justifiés par le double effet ?", "position": 16, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les traitements analgésiques, sédatifs et certains traitements palliatifs sont souvent justifiés." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment choisir un traitement en respectant le double effet ?", "position": 17, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Choisir un traitement qui maximise le bénéfice tout en minimisant les effets indésirables." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels médicaments sont couramment utilisés en soins palliatifs ?", "position": 18, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les opioïdes, les benzodiazépines et les anti-inflammatoires sont couramment utilisés." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment évaluer l'efficacité d'un traitement ?", "position": 19, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Évaluer régulièrement les symptômes et ajuster le traitement en fonction des résultats." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels sont les risques d'une sédation profonde ?", "position": 20, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les risques incluent la dépression respiratoire et la perte de conscience prolongée." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles complications peuvent survenir avec le double effet ?", "position": 21, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les complications incluent des effets indésirables graves et des malentendus éthiques." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment gérer les complications des traitements ?", "position": 22, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Surveiller attentivement les effets secondaires et ajuster le traitement si nécessaire." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels sont les dilemmes éthiques associés ?", "position": 23, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les dilemmes incluent la distinction entre intention et effet, et la responsabilité du médecin." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment prévenir les malentendus sur le double effet ?", "position": 24, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Éduquer les patients et les familles sur le principe pour éviter les malentendus." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels impacts psychologiques peuvent résulter du double effet ?", "position": 25, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les impacts peuvent inclure la culpabilité chez les soignants et l'anxiété chez les patients." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels facteurs augmentent le besoin de soins palliatifs ?", "position": 26, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les maladies avancées, la douleur chronique et les comorbidités augmentent ce besoin." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment l'âge influence-t-il le principe du double effet ?", "position": 27, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les patients âgés peuvent avoir des besoins spécifiques en matière de gestion de la douleur." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels rôles jouent les croyances culturelles ?", "position": 28, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les croyances culturelles peuvent influencer les décisions concernant les traitements et la douleur." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment les antécédents médicaux affectent-ils le traitement ?", "position": 29, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les antécédents médicaux peuvent influencer la tolérance aux traitements et les effets secondaires." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels facteurs psychologiques influencent le traitement ?", "position": 30, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "L'anxiété, la dépression et le soutien social peuvent influencer l'acceptation des traitements." } } ] } ] }

Sources (10000 au total)

Prognostic value of cardiopulmonary exercise test in children with congenital heart defects.

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has an important prognostic value in adults with different congenital heart defects (CHDs) and is a useful tool for risk stratification and clinical decision-ma... 411 CPET performed by paediatric patients with different CHDs were evaluated in this retrospective study. Medical records were reviewed to determine the presence of cardiac events. Participants were c... 411 patients with a median age at test of 12 years, 51 patients with simple CHD, 170 patients with moderate complexity CHD and 190 with high complexity CHD underwent CPET. Overall, CPET parameters wer... Reduced exercise capacity at young age is related to a higher probability of future cardiovascular events in paediatric patients with CHD. Submaximal exercise variables can be used instead when maxima...

Exercise testing to guide safe discharge from hospital in COVID-19: a scoping review to identify candidate tests.

We aimed to identify exercise tests that have been validated to support a safe discharge to home in patients with or without COVID-19.... Scoping review, using PRISMA-ScR reporting standards. Medline, PubMed, AMED, Embase, CINAHL and LitCovid databases were searched between 16 and 22 February 2021, with studies included from any publica... Short exercise tests.... Safe discharge from hospital, readmission rate, length of hospital stay, mortality. Secondary outcomes measures: safety, feasibility and reliability.... Of 1612 original records screened, 19 studies were included in the analysis. These used a variety of exercise tests in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, suspected pulmonary embolism... Further research is needed to aid clinical decision-making at discharge from hospital....

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing for patients with anorexia nervosa: a case-control study.

Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) require appropriate nutrient therapy and physical activity management. Eating disorder treatment guidelines do not include safe, evidence-based intensity criteria f... CPX was performed with 14 female patients with AN admitted to a specialized eating disorder unit between 2015 and 2019. Their anaerobic threshold (AT) was determined by assessing their exercise tolera... The AT of the AN group (BMI: 15.7 [Mean] ± 1.8 standard deviation [SD]) was significantly lower than that of the HC group (BMI: 19.7 ± 1.8) (AN: 10.0 ± 1.8 vs. HC: 15.2 ± 3.0 ml/kg/min, P < 0.001). AT... This study showed that AT and AT-METS were lower in patients with AN than in HC. Patients with AN should be prescribed light-intensity aerobic exercise, and the current findings may help develop futur... III: Evidence obtained from case-control analytic studies....

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in long covid shows the presence of dysautonomia or chronotropic incompetence independent of subjective exercise intolerance and fatigue.

After COVID-19 infection, 10-20% of patients suffer from varying symptoms lasting more than 12 weeks (Long COVID, LC). Exercise intolerance and fatigue are common in LC. The aim was to measure the max... Cardiopulmonary exercise test was conducted on 101 LC patients, who were admitted to exercise testing. The majority of them (86%) had been treated at home during their acute COVID-19 infection. Peak o... The measurements were performed in mean 12.7 months (SD 5.75) after COVID-19 infection in patients with exercise intolerance (group EI, 19 patients), fatigue (group F, 31 patients), their combination ... This study on LC patients with different symptoms showed that cardiopulmonary exercise capacity was in mean normal, with increased sympathetic activity in most patients. However, we identified subgrou...

Test-retest reliability of a 30-min fixed perceived effort cycling exercise.

Using exercise protocols at a fixed rating of perceived effort (RPE) is a useful method for exploring the psychophysical influences on exercise performance. However, studies that have employed this pr... Eight recreationally active cyclists completed two identical ramped incremental trials on a cycle ergometer to identify gas exchange threshold (GET). A linear regression model plotted RPE responses du... All performance and gas parameters showed excellent levels of test-retest reliability (ICCs = > .900) across both intensities. Performance, gas-related measures, and heart rate averaged over the entir... Recreationally active cyclists can reliably replicate fixed perceived effort exercise across multiple visits when RPE is aligned to physiological thresholds. Some evidence suggests that exercise at RP...

[Role of cardiopulmonary exercise test in early diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension in scleroderma patients].

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe, high mortality and progressive disease. Early diagnosis and treatment improves the prognosis. Patients with scleroderma disease presents high risk of... Prospective study of 52 consecutive patients diagnosed of scleroderma in our health area, during 2 years (2018 and 2019). All of them undergo CPET, in addition to the annual systematic screening. Sens... Fifty-two CPET were performed, of which 16 suggested PAH. Resting RHC confirmed PAH in 5 patients and exercise RHC in 7 (diagnostic sensitivity of CPET together with rest and exercise catheterization ... CPET and exercise RHC could detect PAH earlier than established screening in patients with scleroderma disease, allowing early diagnosis....

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing during follow-up after acute pulmonary embolism.

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) may provide prognostically valuable information during follow-up after pulmonary embolism (PE). Our objective was to investigate the association of patterns and... In a prospective cohort study of unselected consecutive all-comers with PE, survivors of the index acute event underwent 3- and 12-month follow-ups, including CPET. We defined cardiopulmonary limitati... Overall, 396 patients were included. At 3 months, prevalence of cardiopulmonary limitation and deconditioning was 50.1% (34.7% mild/moderate; 15.4% severe) and 12.1%, respectively; at 12 months, it wa... Abnormal exercise capacity of cardiopulmonary origin is frequent after PE, being associated with clinical and haemodynamic impairment as well as long-term QoL reduction. CPET can be considered for sel...