Astrocytes and Glutamine Synthetase in Epileptogenesis.
ammonia
brain networks
epilepsy
excitotoxicity
glutamate
inflammation
Journal
Journal of neuroscience research
ISSN: 1097-4547
Titre abrégé: J Neurosci Res
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 7600111
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
11 2019
11 2019
Historique:
received:
21
11
2017
revised:
15
05
2018
accepted:
22
05
2018
pubmed:
20
7
2018
medline:
13
8
2020
entrez:
20
7
2018
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The cellular, molecular, and metabolic mechanisms that underlie the development of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy are incompletely understood. Here we review the role of astrocytes in epilepsy development (a.k.a. epileptogenesis), particularly astrocyte pathologies related to: aquaporin 4, the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir4.1, monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and MCT2, excitatory amino acid transporters EAAT1 and EAAT2, and glutamine synthetase. We propose that inhibition, dysfunction or loss of astrocytic glutamine synthetase is an important causative factor for some epilepsies, particularly mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and glioblastoma-associated epilepsy. We postulate that the regulatory mechanisms of glutamine synthetase as well as the downstream effects of glutamine synthetase dysfunction, represent attractive, new targets for antiepileptogenic interventions. Currently, no antiepileptogenic therapies are available for human use. The discovery of such interventions is important as it will fundamentally change the way we approach epilepsy by preventing the disease from ever becoming manifest after an epileptogenic insult to the brain.
Identifiants
pubmed: 30022509
doi: 10.1002/jnr.24267
pmc: PMC6338538
mid: NIHMS970152
doi:
Substances chimiques
Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase
EC 6.3.1.2
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1345-1362Subventions
Organisme : NINDS NIH HHS
ID : K08 NS058674
Pays : United States
Organisme : NINDS NIH HHS
ID : R01 NS070824
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : UL1 TR000142
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : UL1 TR001863
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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