Randomized Trial of Medical versus Surgical Treatment for Refractory Heartburn.

Adult Baclofen / therapeutic use Desipramine / therapeutic use Drug Resistance Drug Therapy, Combination Female Fundoplication Gastroesophageal Reflux / complications Heartburn / drug therapy Humans Male Middle Aged Muscle Relaxants, Central / therapeutic use Omeprazole / therapeutic use Proton Pump Inhibitors / therapeutic use Quality of Life Surveys and Questionnaires Veterans

Journal

The New England journal of medicine
ISSN: 1533-4406
Titre abrégé: N Engl J Med
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0255562

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
17 10 2019
Historique:
entrez: 17 10 2019
pubmed: 17 10 2019
medline: 2 11 2019
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Heartburn that persists despite proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment is a frequent clinical problem with multiple potential causes. Treatments for PPI-refractory heartburn are of unproven efficacy and focus on controlling gastroesophageal reflux with reflux-reducing medication (e.g., baclofen) or antireflux surgery or on dampening visceral hypersensitivity with neuromodulators (e.g., desipramine). Patients who were referred to Veterans Affairs (VA) gastroenterology clinics for PPI-refractory heartburn received 20 mg of omeprazole twice daily for 2 weeks, and those with persistent heartburn underwent endoscopy, esophageal biopsy, esophageal manometry, and multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring. If patients were found to have reflux-related heartburn, we randomly assigned them to receive surgical treatment (laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication), active medical treatment (omeprazole plus baclofen, with desipramine added depending on symptoms), or control medical treatment (omeprazole plus placebo). The primary outcome was treatment success, defined as a decrease of 50% or more in the Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)-Health Related Quality of Life score (range, 0 to 50, with higher scores indicating worse symptoms) at 1 year. A total of 366 patients (mean age, 48.5 years; 280 men) were enrolled. Prerandomization procedures excluded 288 patients: 42 had relief of their heartburn during the 2-week omeprazole trial, 70 did not complete trial procedures, 54 were excluded for other reasons, 23 had non-GERD esophageal disorders, and 99 had functional heartburn (not due to GERD or other histopathologic, motility, or structural abnormality). The remaining 78 patients underwent randomization. The incidence of treatment success with surgery (18 of 27 patients, 67%) was significantly superior to that with active medical treatment (7 of 25 patients, 28%; P = 0.007) or control medical treatment (3 of 26 patients, 12%; P<0.001). The difference in the incidence of treatment success between the active medical group and the control medical group was 16 percentage points (95% confidence interval, -5 to 38; P = 0.17). Among patients referred to VA gastroenterology clinics for PPI-refractory heartburn, systematic workup revealed truly PPI-refractory and reflux-related heartburn in a minority of patients. For that highly selected subgroup, surgery was superior to medical treatment. (Funded by the Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01265550.).

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND
Heartburn that persists despite proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment is a frequent clinical problem with multiple potential causes. Treatments for PPI-refractory heartburn are of unproven efficacy and focus on controlling gastroesophageal reflux with reflux-reducing medication (e.g., baclofen) or antireflux surgery or on dampening visceral hypersensitivity with neuromodulators (e.g., desipramine).
METHODS
Patients who were referred to Veterans Affairs (VA) gastroenterology clinics for PPI-refractory heartburn received 20 mg of omeprazole twice daily for 2 weeks, and those with persistent heartburn underwent endoscopy, esophageal biopsy, esophageal manometry, and multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring. If patients were found to have reflux-related heartburn, we randomly assigned them to receive surgical treatment (laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication), active medical treatment (omeprazole plus baclofen, with desipramine added depending on symptoms), or control medical treatment (omeprazole plus placebo). The primary outcome was treatment success, defined as a decrease of 50% or more in the Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)-Health Related Quality of Life score (range, 0 to 50, with higher scores indicating worse symptoms) at 1 year.
RESULTS
A total of 366 patients (mean age, 48.5 years; 280 men) were enrolled. Prerandomization procedures excluded 288 patients: 42 had relief of their heartburn during the 2-week omeprazole trial, 70 did not complete trial procedures, 54 were excluded for other reasons, 23 had non-GERD esophageal disorders, and 99 had functional heartburn (not due to GERD or other histopathologic, motility, or structural abnormality). The remaining 78 patients underwent randomization. The incidence of treatment success with surgery (18 of 27 patients, 67%) was significantly superior to that with active medical treatment (7 of 25 patients, 28%; P = 0.007) or control medical treatment (3 of 26 patients, 12%; P<0.001). The difference in the incidence of treatment success between the active medical group and the control medical group was 16 percentage points (95% confidence interval, -5 to 38; P = 0.17).
CONCLUSIONS
Among patients referred to VA gastroenterology clinics for PPI-refractory heartburn, systematic workup revealed truly PPI-refractory and reflux-related heartburn in a minority of patients. For that highly selected subgroup, surgery was superior to medical treatment. (Funded by the Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01265550.).

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1811424 PMID: 31618539
pubmed: 31618539
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1811424
doi:

Substances chimiques

Muscle Relaxants, Central 0
Proton Pump Inhibitors 0
Baclofen H789N3FKE8
Omeprazole KG60484QX9
Desipramine TG537D343B

Banques de données

ClinicalTrials.gov
['NCT01265550']

Types de publication

Comparative Study Journal Article Multicenter Study Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

1513-1523

Subventions

Organisme : HSRD VA
ID : IK2 HX001555
Pays : United States
Organisme : U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
ID : CSP 573
Pays : International

Commentaires et corrections

Type : CommentIn
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Type : CommentIn
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Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2019 Massachusetts Medical Society.

Auteurs

Stuart J Spechler (SJ)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

John G Hunter (JG)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

Karen M Jones (KM)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

Robert Lee (R)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

Brian R Smith (BR)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

Hiroshi Mashimo (H)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

Vivian M Sanchez (VM)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

Kerry B Dunbar (KB)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

Thai H Pham (TH)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

Uma K Murthy (UK)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

Taewan Kim (T)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

Christian S Jackson (CS)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

Jason M Wallen (JM)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

Erik C von Rosenvinge (EC)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

Jonathan P Pearl (JP)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

Loren Laine (L)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

Anthony W Kim (AW)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

Andrew M Kaz (AM)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

Roger P Tatum (RP)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

Ziad F Gellad (ZF)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

Sandhya Lagoo-Deenadayalan (S)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

Joel H Rubenstein (JH)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

Amir A Ghaferi (AA)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

Wai-Kit Lo (WK)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

Ronald S Fernando (RS)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

Bobby S Chan (BS)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

Shirley C Paski (SC)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

Dawn Provenzale (D)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

Donald O Castell (DO)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

David Lieberman (D)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

Rhonda F Souza (RF)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

William D Chey (WD)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

Stuart R Warren (SR)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

Anne Davis-Karim (A)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

Shelby D Melton (SD)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

Robert M Genta (RM)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

Tracey Serpi (T)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

Kousick Biswas (K)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

Grant D Huang (GD)

From the Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor Scott & White Health, and the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) North Texas Health Care System (S.J.S., R.F.S.), and the Departments of Medicine (K.B.D.), Surgery (T.H.P.), and Pathology (S.D.M.), VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (R.M.G.); the Departments of Surgery (J.G.H.) and Medicine (D.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, and the Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System (D.L.) - both in Portland; the VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point (K.M.J., T.S., K.B.), and the Departments of Medicine (E.C.R.) and Surgery (J.P.P.), VA Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore - all in Maryland; the Departments of Medicine (R.L.) and Surgery (B.R.S.), VA Long Beach Healthcare System and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, the Departments of Medicine (C.S.J., R.S.F., B.S.C.) and Surgery (J.M.W.), VA Loma Linda Healthcare System and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, and the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.W.K.) - all in California; the Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (H.M., W.-K.L.), and the Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine (V.M.S.), Boston; the Departments of Medicine (U.K.M.) and Surgery (T.K.), Syracuse VA Medical Center and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; the Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, CT (L.L.); the Departments of Medicine (A.M.K., S.C.P.) and Surgery (R.P.T.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; the Departments of Medicine (Z.F.G., D.P.) and Surgery (S.L.-D.), Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and the Departments of Medicine (J.H.R., W.D.C.) and Surgery (A.A.G.), University of Michigan - both in Ann Arbor; the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.O.C.); the VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM (S.R.W., A.D.-K.); and the VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (G.D.H.).

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Classifications MeSH

questionsmedicales.fr › Personnes › Tranches d'âge › Adulte › Randomized Trial of Medical versus Surgical...
questionsmedicales.fr › Composés chimiques organiques › Acides carboxyliques › Acides acycliques › Baclofène › Randomized Trial of Medical versus Surgical...
questionsmedicales.fr › Composés hétérocycliques › Composés hétérocycliques à cycles fusionnés › Composés hétérocycliques 3 noyaux › Dibenzazépines › Désipramine › Randomized Trial of Medical versus Surgical...
questionsmedicales.fr › Phénomènes physiologiques › Phénomènes pharmacologiques et toxicologiques › Phénomènes pharmacologiques › Résistance aux substances › Randomized Trial of Medical versus Surgical...
questionsmedicales.fr › Thérapeutique › Traitement médicamenteux › Association de médicaments › Randomized Trial of Medical versus Surgical...
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