Clostridium difficile and One Health.

Animals Carrier State / transmission Clostridioides difficile / classification Clostridium Infections / transmission Community-Acquired Infections / transmission Cross Infection / transmission Environmental Microbiology Food Microbiology Genome, Bacterial Humans One Health Whole Genome Sequencing
Clostridioides difficile Clostridium difficile Environmental Food-borne One Health Zoonosis

Journal

Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
ISSN: 1469-0691
Titre abrégé: Clin Microbiol Infect
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9516420

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
Jul 2020
Historique:
received: 22 09 2019
revised: 21 10 2019
accepted: 21 10 2019
pubmed: 5 11 2019
medline: 29 1 2021
entrez: 5 11 2019
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

For over four decades, Clostridium difficile has been a significant enteric pathogen of humans. It is associated with the use of antimicrobials that generally disrupt the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract. Previously, it was thought that C. difficile was primarily a hospital-acquired infection; however, with the emergence of community-associated cases, and whole-genome sequencing suggesting the majority of the hospital C. difficile infection (CDI) cases are genetically distinct from one another, there is compelling evidence that sources/reservoirs of C. difficile outside hospitals play a significant role in the transmission of CDI. To review the 'One Health' aspects of CDI, focusing on how community sources/reservoirs might be acting as a conduit in the transfer of C. difficile between animals and humans. The importance of a One Health approach in managing CDI is discussed. A literature search was performed on PubMed and Web of Science for relevant papers published from 1 January 2000 to 10 July 2019. We present evidence that demonstrates transmission of C. difficile in hospitals from asymptomatic carriers to symptomatic CDI patients. The source of colonization is most probably community reservoirs, such as foods and the environment, where toxigenic C. difficile strains have frequently been isolated. With high-resolution genomic sequencing, the transmission of C. difficile between animals and humans can be demonstrated, despite a clear epidemiological link often being absent. The ways in which C. difficile from animals and humans can disseminate through foods and the environment are discussed, and an interconnected transmission pathway for C. difficile involving food animals, humans and the environment is presented. Clostridium difficile is a well-established pathogen of both humans and animals that contaminates foods and the environment. To manage CDI, a One Health approach with the collaboration of clinicians, veterinarians, environmentalists and policy-makers is paramount.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND BACKGROUND
For over four decades, Clostridium difficile has been a significant enteric pathogen of humans. It is associated with the use of antimicrobials that generally disrupt the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract. Previously, it was thought that C. difficile was primarily a hospital-acquired infection; however, with the emergence of community-associated cases, and whole-genome sequencing suggesting the majority of the hospital C. difficile infection (CDI) cases are genetically distinct from one another, there is compelling evidence that sources/reservoirs of C. difficile outside hospitals play a significant role in the transmission of CDI.
OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVE
To review the 'One Health' aspects of CDI, focusing on how community sources/reservoirs might be acting as a conduit in the transfer of C. difficile between animals and humans. The importance of a One Health approach in managing CDI is discussed.
SOURCES METHODS
A literature search was performed on PubMed and Web of Science for relevant papers published from 1 January 2000 to 10 July 2019.
CONTENT BACKGROUND
We present evidence that demonstrates transmission of C. difficile in hospitals from asymptomatic carriers to symptomatic CDI patients. The source of colonization is most probably community reservoirs, such as foods and the environment, where toxigenic C. difficile strains have frequently been isolated. With high-resolution genomic sequencing, the transmission of C. difficile between animals and humans can be demonstrated, despite a clear epidemiological link often being absent. The ways in which C. difficile from animals and humans can disseminate through foods and the environment are discussed, and an interconnected transmission pathway for C. difficile involving food animals, humans and the environment is presented.
IMPLICATIONS CONCLUSIONS
Clostridium difficile is a well-established pathogen of both humans and animals that contaminates foods and the environment. To manage CDI, a One Health approach with the collaboration of clinicians, veterinarians, environmentalists and policy-makers is paramount.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.10.023 PMID: 31682985
pubmed: 31682985
pii: S1198-743X(19)30559-2
doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.10.023
pii:
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Review

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

857-863

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2019 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Auteurs

S C Lim (SC)

School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.

D R Knight (DR)

Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.

T V Riley (TV)

School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia; Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia; PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Nedlands, WA, Australia. Electronic address: thomas.riley@uwa.edu.au.

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Classifications MeSH

questionsmedicales.fr › Eucaryotes › Animaux › Clostridium difficile and One Health.
questionsmedicales.fr › Environnement et santé publique › Santé publique › Méthodes épidémiologiques › État de porteur sain › Clostridium difficile and One Health.
questionsmedicales.fr › Bactéries › Firmicutes › Clostridiales › Clostridioides › Clostridium difficile › Clostridium difficile and One Health.
questionsmedicales.fr › Infection › Infections bactériennes et mycoses › Infections bactériennes › Infections bactériennes à Gram positif › Infections à Clostridium › Clostridium difficile and One Health.
questionsmedicales.fr › Infection › Infections communautaires › Clostridium difficile and One Health.
questionsmedicales.fr › États, signes et symptômes pathologiques › Processus pathologiques › Caractéristiques de la maladie › Maladie iatrogène › Infection croisée › Clostridium difficile and One Health.
questionsmedicales.fr › Environnement et santé publique › Santé publique › Microbiologie de l'environnement › Clostridium difficile and One Health.
questionsmedicales.fr › Environnement et santé publique › Santé publique › Qualité alimentaire › Sécurité des aliments › Contamination des aliments › Microbiologie alimentaire › Clostridium difficile and One Health.
questionsmedicales.fr › Phénomènes génétiques › Structures génétiques › Génome › Génome microbien › Génome bactérien › Clostridium difficile and One Health.
questionsmedicales.fr › Eucaryotes › Animaux › Chordés › Vertébrés › Mammifères › Eutheria › Primates › Haplorhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Humains › Clostridium difficile and One Health.
questionsmedicales.fr › Caractéristiques de la population › Santé › Une seule santé › Clostridium difficile and One Health.
questionsmedicales.fr › Techniques d'investigation › Techniques génétiques › Analyse de séquence › Analyse de séquence d'ADN › Séquençage du génome entier › Clostridium difficile and One Health.