Know safety, no fear.
Amygdala
Avoidance
Cortex
Discrimination
Extinction
Fear
Generalization
Hippocampus
Safety
Journal
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
ISSN: 1873-7528
Titre abrégé: Neurosci Biobehav Rev
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 7806090
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 2020
01 2020
Historique:
received:
06
02
2019
revised:
27
09
2019
accepted:
11
11
2019
pubmed:
19
11
2019
medline:
29
12
2020
entrez:
19
11
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Every day we are bombarded by stimuli that must be assessed for their potential for harm or benefit. Once a stimulus is learned to predict harm, it can elicit fear responses. Such learning can last a lifetime but is not always beneficial for an organism. For an organism to thrive in its environment, it must know when to engage in defensive, avoidance behaviors and when to engage in non-defensive, approach behaviors. Fear should be suppressed in situations that are not dangerous: when a novel, innocuous stimulus resembles a feared stimulus, when a feared stimulus no longer predicts harm, or when there is an option to avoid harm. A cardinal feature of anxiety disorders is the inability to suppress fear adaptively. In PTSD, for instance, learned fear is expressed inappropriately in safe situations and is resistant to extinction. In this review, we discuss mechanisms of suppressing fear responses during stimulus discrimination, fear extinction, and active avoidance, focusing on the well-studied tripartite circuit consisting of the amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31738952
pii: S0149-7634(19)30049-1
doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.11.006
pmc: PMC6981293
mid: NIHMS1544565
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
218-230Subventions
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH110425
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH117426
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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