Nicotine dependence (trait) and acute nicotinic stimulation (state) modulate attention but not inhibitory control: converging fMRI evidence from Go-Nogo and Flanker tasks.
Adolescent
Adult
Attention
/ drug effects
Brain
/ drug effects
Brain Mapping
Cross-Over Studies
Double-Blind Method
Executive Function
/ drug effects
Female
Humans
Inhibition, Psychological
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
Middle Aged
Nicotine
/ administration & dosage
Nicotinic Agonists
/ administration & dosage
Smoking Cessation
/ psychology
Tobacco Use Disorder
/ physiopathology
Varenicline
/ administration & dosage
Young Adult
Journal
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
ISSN: 1740-634X
Titre abrégé: Neuropsychopharmacology
Pays: England
ID NLM: 8904907
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
04 2020
04 2020
Historique:
received:
21
08
2019
accepted:
17
01
2020
revised:
29
12
2019
pubmed:
30
1
2020
medline:
31
3
2021
entrez:
30
1
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Cognitive deficits during nicotine withdrawal may contribute to smoking relapse. However, interacting effects of chronic nicotine dependence and acute nicotine withdrawal on cognitive control are poorly understood. Here we examine the effects of nicotine dependence (trait; smokers (n = 24) vs. non-smoking controls; n = 20) and acute nicotinic stimulation (state; administration of nicotine and varenicline, two FDA-approved smoking cessation aids, during abstinence), on two well-established tests of inhibitory control, the Go-Nogo task and the Flanker task, during fMRI scanning. We compared performance and neural responses between these four pharmacological manipulations in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design. As expected, performance in both tasks was modulated by nicotine dependence, abstinence, and pharmacological manipulation. However, effects were driven entirely by conditions that required less inhibitory control. When demand for inhibitory control was high, abstinent smokers showed no deficits. By contrast, acutely abstinent smokers showed performance deficits in easier conditions and missed more trials. Go-Nogo fMRI results showed decreased inhibition-related neural activity in right anterior insula and right putamen in smokers and decreased dorsal anterior cingulate cortex activity on nicotine across groups. No effects were found on inhibition-related activity during the Flanker task or on error-related activity in either task. Given robust nicotinic effects on physiology and behavioral deficits in attention, we are confident that pharmacological manipulations were effective. Thus findings fit a recent proposal that abstinent smokers show decreased ability to divert cognitive resources at low or intermediate cognitive demand, while performance at high cognitive demand remains relatively unaffected, suggesting a primary attentional deficit during acute abstinence.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31995811
doi: 10.1038/s41386-020-0623-1
pii: 10.1038/s41386-020-0623-1
pmc: PMC7075893
doi:
Substances chimiques
Nicotinic Agonists
0
Nicotine
6M3C89ZY6R
Varenicline
W6HS99O8ZO
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
857-865Subventions
Organisme : NIDA NIH HHS
ID : K01 DA037819
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDA NIH HHS
ID : R01 DA041353
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMHD NIH HHS
ID : U54 MD012393
Pays : United States
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