The complex genetic landscape of familial MDS and AML reveals pathogenic germline variants.


Journal

Nature communications
ISSN: 2041-1723
Titre abrégé: Nat Commun
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101528555

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
25 02 2020
Historique:
received: 04 02 2019
accepted: 27 01 2020
entrez: 27 2 2020
pubmed: 27 2 2020
medline: 23 5 2020
Statut: epublish

Résumé

The inclusion of familial myeloid malignancies as a separate disease entity in the revised WHO classification has renewed efforts to improve the recognition and management of this group of at risk individuals. Here we report a cohort of 86 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) families with 49 harboring germline variants in 16 previously defined loci (57%). Whole exome sequencing in a further 37 uncharacterized families (43%) allowed us to rationalize 65 new candidate loci, including genes mutated in rare hematological syndromes (ADA, GP6, IL17RA, PRF1 and SEC23B), reported in prior MDS/AML or inherited bone marrow failure series (DNAH9, NAPRT1 and SH2B3) or variants at novel loci (DHX34) that appear specific to inherited forms of myeloid malignancies. Altogether, our series of MDS/AML families offer novel insights into the etiology of myeloid malignancies and provide a framework to prioritize variants for inclusion into routine diagnostics and patient management.

Identifiants

pubmed: 32098966
doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-14829-5
pii: 10.1038/s41467-020-14829-5
pmc: PMC7042299
doi:

Substances chimiques

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing 0
IL17RA protein, human 0
PRF1 protein, human 0
Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins 0
Receptors, Interleukin-17 0
SEC23B protein, human 0
SH2B3 protein, human 0
Vesicular Transport Proteins 0
platelet membrane glycoprotein VI 0
Perforin 126465-35-8
DHX34 protein, human EC 2.7.7.-
ADA protein, human EC 3.5.4.4
Adenosine Deaminase EC 3.5.4.4
RNA Helicases EC 3.6.4.13
Axonemal Dyneins EC 3.6.4.2
DNAH9 protein, human EC 3.6.4.2

Types de publication

Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

1044

Subventions

Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MC_UU_00007/7
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MR/M018830/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MR/P018440/1
Pays : United Kingdom

Références

Arber, D. A. et al. The 2016 revision to the World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia. Blood 127, 2391–2405 (2016).
pubmed: 27069254 doi: 10.1182/blood-2016-03-643544 pmcid: 27069254
Dohner, H. et al. Diagnosis and management of AML in adults: 2017 ELN recommendations from an international expert panel. Blood 129, 424–447 (2017).
pubmed: 27895058 pmcid: 5291965 doi: 10.1182/blood-2016-08-733196
University of Chicago Hematopoietic Malignancies Cancer Risk, T. How I diagnose and manage individuals at risk for inherited myeloid malignancies. Blood 128, 1800–1813 (2016).
doi: 10.1182/blood-2016-05-670240
Berger, G. et al. Re-emergence of acute myeloid leukemia in donor cells following allogeneic transplantation in a family with a germline DDX41 mutation. Leukemia 31, 520–522 (2017).
pubmed: 27795557 doi: 10.1038/leu.2016.310 pmcid: 27795557
Kobayashi, S. et al. Donor cell leukemia arising from preleukemic clones with a novel germline DDX41 mutation after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Leukemia 31, 1020–1022 (2017).
pubmed: 28194039 doi: 10.1038/leu.2017.44 pmcid: 28194039
Xiao, H. et al. First report of multiple CEBPA mutations contributing to donor origin of leukemia relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood 117, 5257–5260 (2011).
pubmed: 21403128 doi: 10.1182/blood-2010-12-326322 pmcid: 21403128
de la Fuente, J. & Dokal, I. Dyskeratosis congenita: advances in the understanding of the telomerase defect and the role of stem cell transplantation. Pediatr. Transpl. 11, 584–594 (2007).
doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3046.2007.00721.x
Babushok, D. V., Bessler, M. & Olson, T. S. Genetic predisposition to myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia in children and young adults. Leuk. Lymphoma 57, 520–536 (2016).
pubmed: 26693794 doi: 10.3109/10428194.2015.1115041 pmcid: 26693794
Song, W. J. et al. Haploinsufficiency of CBFA2 causes familial thrombocytopenia with propensity to develop acute myelogenous leukaemia. Nat. Genet. 23, 166–175 (1999).
pubmed: 10508512 doi: 10.1038/13793 pmcid: 10508512
Saliba, J. et al. Germline duplication of ATG2B and GSKIP predisposes to familial myeloid malignancies. Nat. Genet. 47, 1131–1140 (2015).
pubmed: 26280900 doi: 10.1038/ng.3380
Zhang, M. Y. et al. Germline ETV6 mutations in familial thrombocytopenia and hematologic malignancy. Nat. Genet. 47, 180–185 (2015).
pubmed: 25581430 pmcid: 4540357 doi: 10.1038/ng.3177
Noetzli, L. et al. Germline mutations in ETV6 are associated with thrombocytopenia, red cell macrocytosis and predisposition to lymphoblastic leukemia. Nat. Genet. 47, 535–538 (2015).
pubmed: 25807284 pmcid: 4631613 doi: 10.1038/ng.3253
Kirwan, M. et al. Exome sequencing identifies autosomal-dominant SRP72 mutations associated with familial aplasia and myelodysplasia. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 90, 888–892 (2012).
pubmed: 22541560 pmcid: 3376490 doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.03.020
Smith, M. L., Cavenagh, J. D., Lister, T. A. & Fitzgibbon, J. Mutation of CEBPA in familial acute myeloid leukemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 351, 2403–2407 (2004).
pubmed: 15575056 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa041331
Hahn, C. N. et al. Heritable GATA2 mutations associated with familial myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. Nat. Genet. 43, 1012–1017 (2011).
pubmed: 21892162 pmcid: 3184204 doi: 10.1038/ng.913
Polprasert, C. et al. Inherited and somatic defects in DDX41 in myeloid neoplasms. Cancer Cell 27, 658–670 (2015).
pubmed: 25920683 doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.03.017
Akpan, I. J., Osman, A. E. G., Drazer, M. W. & Godley, L. A. Hereditary myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia: diagnosis, questions, and controversies. Curr. Hematol. Malig. Rep. 13, 426–434 (2018).
pubmed: 30259338 doi: 10.1007/s11899-018-0473-7
Owen, C. J. et al. Five new pedigrees with inherited RUNX1 mutations causing familial platelet disorder with propensity to myeloid malignancy. Blood 112, 4639–4645 (2008).
pubmed: 18723428 doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-05-156745
Langabeer, S. E. et al. A novel RUNX1 mutation in a kindred with familial platelet disorder with propensity to acute myeloid leukaemia: male predominance of affected individuals. Eur. J. Haematol. 85, 552–553 (2010).
pubmed: 20722699 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2010.01513.x
Debeljak, M., Kitanovski, L., Pajic, T. & Jazbec, J. Concordant acute myeloblastic leukemia in monozygotic twins with germline and shared somatic mutations in the gene for CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein alpha with 13 years difference at onset. Haematologica 98, e73–e74 (2013).
pubmed: 23716546 pmcid: 3696596 doi: 10.3324/haematol.2012.082578
Tawana, K. et al. Disease evolution and outcomes in familial AML with germline CEBPA mutations. Blood 126, 1214–1223 (2015).
pubmed: 26162409 doi: 10.1182/blood-2015-05-647172 pmcid: 26162409
Renneville, A. et al. Another pedigree with familial acute myeloid leukemia and germline CEBPA mutation. Leukemia 23, 804–806 (2009).
pubmed: 18946494 doi: 10.1038/leu.2008.294 pmcid: 18946494
Nanri, T. et al. A family harboring a germ-line N-terminal C/EBPalpha mutation and development of acute myeloid leukemia with an additional somatic C-terminal C/EBPalpha mutation. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 49, 237–241 (2010).
pubmed: 19953636 pmcid: 19953636
Sellick, G. S., Spendlove, H. E., Catovsky, D., Pritchard-Jones, K. & Houlston, R. S. Further evidence that germline CEBPA mutations cause dominant inheritance of acute myeloid leukaemia. Leukemia 19, 1276–1278 (2005).
pubmed: 15902292 doi: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403788
Kirwan, M. et al. Exogenous TERC alone can enhance proliferative potential, telomerase activity and telomere length in lymphocytes from dyskeratosis congenita patients. Br. J. Haematol. 144, 771–781 (2009).
pubmed: 19036115 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07516.x
Vulliamy, T. J. et al. Differences in disease severity but similar telomere lengths in genetic subgroups of patients with telomerase and shelterin mutations. PLoS One 6, e24383 (2011).
pubmed: 21931702 pmcid: 3172236 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024383
Bodor, C. et al. Germ-line GATA2 p.THR354MET mutation in familial myelodysplastic syndrome with acquired monosomy 7 and ASXL1 mutation demonstrating rapid onset and poor survival. Haematologica 97, 890–894 (2012).
pubmed: 22271902 pmcid: 3366655 doi: 10.3324/haematol.2011.054361
Mutsaers, P. G. et al. Highly variable clinical manifestations in a large family with a novel GATA2 mutation. Leukemia 27, 2247–2248 (2013).
pubmed: 23563236 doi: 10.1038/leu.2013.105
Holme, H. et al. Marked genetic heterogeneity in familial myelodysplasia/acute myeloid leukaemia. Br. J. Haematol. 158, 242–248 (2012).
pubmed: 22533337 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2012.09136.x
Cardoso, S. R. et al. Germline heterozygous DDX41 variants in a subset of familial myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 30, 2083–2086 (2016).
pubmed: 27133828 pmcid: 5008455 doi: 10.1038/leu.2016.124
Tummala, H. et al. Genome instability is a consequence of transcription deficiency in patients with bone marrow failure harboring biallelic ERCC6L2 variants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 115, 7777–7782 (2018).
pubmed: 29987015 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1803275115 pmcid: 29987015
Cardoso, S. R. et al. Myelodysplasia and liver disease extend the spectrum of RTEL1 related telomeropathies. Haematologica 102, e293–e296 (2017).
pubmed: 28495916 pmcid: 6643735 doi: 10.3324/haematol.2017.167056
Pathak, A. et al. Whole exome sequencing reveals a C-terminal germline variant in CEBPA-associated acute myeloid leukemia: 45-year follow up of a large family. Haematologica 101, 846–852 (2016).
pubmed: 26721895 pmcid: 5004464 doi: 10.3324/haematol.2015.130799
Al Seraihi, A. F. et al. GATA2 monoallelic expression underlies reduced penetrance in inherited GATA2-mutated MDS/AML. Leukemia 32, 2502–2507 (2018).
pubmed: 29749400 pmcid: 6224398 doi: 10.1038/s41375-018-0134-9
Saida, S. et al. Successful reduced-intensity stem cell transplantation for GATA2 deficiency before progression of advanced MDS. Pediatr. Transpl. 20, 333–336 (2016).
doi: 10.1111/petr.12667
Cavalcante de Andrade Silva, M. et al. Deletion of RUNX1 exons 1 and 2 associated with familial platelet disorder with propensity to acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Genet. 222-223, 32–37 (2018).
pubmed: 29666006 doi: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2018.01.002 pmcid: 29666006
Preudhomme, C. et al. High frequency of RUNX1 biallelic alteration in acute myeloid leukemia secondary to familial platelet disorder. Blood 113, 5583–5587 (2009).
pubmed: 19357396 doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-07-168260 pmcid: 19357396
Kanagal-Shamanna, R. et al. Bone marrow pathologic abnormalities in familial platelet disorder with propensity for myeloid malignancy and germline RUNX1 mutation. Haematologica 102, 1661–1670 (2017).
pubmed: 28659335 pmcid: 5622850 doi: 10.3324/haematol.2017.167726
Jongmans, M. C. et al. Novel RUNX1 mutations in familial platelet disorder with enhanced risk for acute myeloid leukemia: clues for improved identification of the FPD/AML syndrome. Leukemia 24, 242–246 (2010).
pubmed: 19946261 doi: 10.1038/leu.2009.210
Churpek, J. E. et al. Genomic analysis of germ line and somatic variants in familial myelodysplasia/acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 126, 2484–2490 (2015).
pubmed: 26492932 pmcid: 4661171 doi: 10.1182/blood-2015-04-641100
Patnaik, M. M., Klee, E., Wieben, E. D. & Dingli, D. Genomics of familial myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 122, 2803 (2013).
Bluteau, O. et al. A landscape of germline mutations in a cohort of inherited bone marrow failure patients. Blood 131, 717–732 (2017).
Cancer Genome Atlas Research, N. Genomic and epigenomic landscapes of adult de novo acute myeloid leukemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 368, 2059–2074 (2013).
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1301689
Tyner, J. W. et al. Functional genomic landscape of acute myeloid leukaemia. Nature 562, 526–531 (2018).
pubmed: 30333627 pmcid: 6280667 doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0623-z
Wehr, C. et al. A novel disease-causing synonymous exonic mutation in GATA2 affecting RNA splicing. Blood 132, 1211–1215 (2018).
pubmed: 30030275 pmcid: 6137559 doi: 10.1182/blood-2018-03-837336
Wang, K., Li, M. & Hakonarson, H. ANNOVAR: functional annotation of genetic variants from high-throughput sequencing data. Nucleic Acids Res. 38, e164 (2010).
pubmed: 20601685 pmcid: 2938201 doi: 10.1093/nar/gkq603
O’Leary, N. A. et al. Reference sequence (RefSeq) database at NCBI: current status, taxonomic expansion, and functional annotation. Nucleic Acids Res. 44, D733–D745 (2016).
pubmed: 26553804 pmcid: 4702849 doi: 10.1093/nar/gkv1189
Lavrov, A. V. et al. Frequent variations in cancer-related genes may play prognostic role in treatment of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. BMC Genet. 17(Suppl. 1), 14 (2016).
pubmed: 26822197 pmcid: 4895599 doi: 10.1186/s12863-015-0308-7
Bersenev, A., Wu, C., Balcerek, J. & Tong, W. Lnk controls mouse hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and quiescence through direct interactions with JAK2. J. Clin. Invest. 118, 2832–2844 (2008).
pubmed: 18618018 pmcid: 2447929
Seita, J. et al. Lnk negatively regulates self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells by modifying thrombopoietin-mediated signal transduction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104, 2349–2354 (2007).
pubmed: 17284614 doi: 10.1073/pnas.0606238104
Bersenev, A. et al. Lnk deficiency partially mitigates hematopoietic stem cell aging. Aging Cell 11, 949–959 (2012).
pubmed: 22812478 pmcid: 3500428 doi: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2012.00862.x
Duarte-Pereira, S. et al. NAMPT and NAPRT1: novel polymorphisms and distribution of variants between normal tissues and tumor samples. Sci. Rep. 4, 6311 (2014).
pubmed: 25201160 pmcid: 4158320 doi: 10.1038/srep06311
Hirsch C. M., et al. Pathogenic Relevance of Germ Line TET2 Alterations. Blood 128, 3160 (2016).
Longman, D., Plasterk, R. H., Johnstone, I. L. & Caceres, J. F. Mechanistic insights and identification of two novel factors in the C. elegans NMD pathway. Genes Dev. 21, 1075–1085 (2007).
pubmed: 17437990 pmcid: 1855233 doi: 10.1101/gad.417707
Hug, N. & Caceres, J. F. The RNA helicase DHX34 activates NMD by promoting a transition from the surveillance to the decay-inducing complex. Cell Rep. 8, 1845–1856 (2014).
pubmed: 25220460 pmcid: 4534575 doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.08.020
Anastasaki, C., Longman, D., Capper, A., Patton, E. E. & Caceres, J. F. Dhx34 and Nbas function in the NMD pathway and are required for embryonic development in zebrafish. Nucleic Acids Res. 39, 3686–3694 (2011).
pubmed: 21227923 pmcid: 3089463 doi: 10.1093/nar/gkq1319
Longman, D. et al. DHX34 and NBAS form part of an autoregulatory NMD circuit that regulates endogenous RNA targets in human cells, zebrafish and Caenorhabditis elegans. Nucleic Acids Res. 41, 8319–8331 (2013).
pubmed: 23828042 pmcid: 3783168 doi: 10.1093/nar/gkt585
Melero, R. et al. The RNA helicase DHX34 functions as a scaffold for SMG1-mediated UPF1 phosphorylation. Nat. Commun. 7, 10585 (2016).
pubmed: 26841701 pmcid: 4743010 doi: 10.1038/ncomms10585
Cheah, J. J. C., Hahn, C. N., Hiwase, D. K., Scott, H. S. & Brown, A. L. Myeloid neoplasms with germline DDX41 mutation. Int. J. Hematol. 106, 163–174 (2017).
pubmed: 28547672 doi: 10.1007/s12185-017-2260-y
Dumont, B. et al. Absence of collagen-induced platelet activation caused by compound heterozygous GPVI mutations. Blood 114, 1900–1903 (2009).
pubmed: 19549989 doi: 10.1182/blood-2009-03-213504 pmcid: 19549989
Bianchi, P. et al. Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II (CDAII) is caused by mutations in the SEC23B gene. Hum. Mutat. 30, 1292–1298 (2009).
pubmed: 19621418 doi: 10.1002/humu.21077 pmcid: 19621418
Flinn, A. M. & Gennery, A. R. Adenosine deaminase deficiency: a review. Orphanet J. Rare Dis. 13, 65 (2018).
pubmed: 29690908 pmcid: 5916829 doi: 10.1186/s13023-018-0807-5
Maslah, N., Cassinat, B., Verger, E., Kiladjian, J. J. & Velazquez, L. The role of LNK/SH2B3 genetic alterations in myeloproliferative neoplasms and other hematological disorders. Leukemia 31, 1661–1670 (2017).
pubmed: 28484264 doi: 10.1038/leu.2017.139 pmcid: 28484264
Johnson, K. D. et al. Cis-element mutated in GATA2-dependent immunodeficiency governs hematopoiesis and vascular integrity. J. Clin. Invest. 122, 3692–3704 (2012).
pubmed: 22996659 pmcid: 3461907 doi: 10.1172/JCI61623
Hsu, A. P. et al. GATA2 haploinsufficiency caused by mutations in a conserved intronic element leads to MonoMAC syndrome. Blood 121, 3830–3837, S1–7 (2013).
pubmed: 23502222 pmcid: 3650705 doi: 10.1182/blood-2012-08-452763
Bresnick, E. H. & Johnson, K. D. Blood disease-causing and -suppressing transcriptional enhancers: general principles and GATA2 mechanisms. Blood Adv. 3, 2045–2056 (2019).
pubmed: 31289032 pmcid: 6616255 doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000378
Karousis, E. D., Nasif, S. & Muhlemann, O. Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay: novel mechanistic insights and biological impact. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. RNA 7, 661–682 (2016).
pubmed: 27173476 pmcid: 6680220 doi: 10.1002/wrna.1357
Kurosaki, T., Popp, M. W. & Maquat, L. E. Quality and quantity control of gene expression by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 20, 406–420 (2019).
pubmed: 30992545 pmcid: 6855384 doi: 10.1038/s41580-019-0126-2
Ozgur, S. et al. The conformational plasticity of eukaryotic RNA-dependent ATPases. FEBS J. 282, 850–863 (2015).
pubmed: 25645110 doi: 10.1111/febs.13198
Schmidt, C. et al. Mass spectrometry-based relative quantification of proteins in precatalytic and catalytically active spliceosomes by metabolic labeling (SILAC), chemical labeling (iTRAQ), and label-free spectral count. RNA 20, 406–420 (2014).
pubmed: 24448447 pmcid: 3923134 doi: 10.1261/rna.041244.113
Reimer, K. A. & Neugebauer, K. M. Blood relatives: splicing mechanisms underlying erythropoiesis in health and disease. F1000Research 7, F1000 (2018).
pubmed: 30228869 pmcid: 6117862 doi: 10.12688/f1000research.15442.1
Tesi, B. et al. Gain-of-function SAMD9L mutations cause a syndrome of cytopenia, immunodeficiency, MDS, and neurological symptoms. Blood 129, 2266–2279 (2017).
pubmed: 28202457 pmcid: 5399482 doi: 10.1182/blood-2016-10-743302
Pastor, V. B. et al. Constitutional SAMD9L mutations cause familial myelodysplastic syndrome and transient monosomy 7. Haematologica 103, 427–437 (2018).
pubmed: 29217778 pmcid: 5830370 doi: 10.3324/haematol.2017.180778
Richards, S. et al. Standards and guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants: a joint consensus recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology. Genet. Med. 17, 405–424 (2015).
pubmed: 25741868 pmcid: 25741868 doi: 10.1038/gim.2015.30
Pontikos, N. et al. Phenopolis: an open platform for harmonization and analysis of genetic and phenotypic data. Bioinformatics 33, 2421–2423 (2017).
pubmed: 28334266 doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btx147 pmcid: 28334266
McKenna, A. et al. The Genome Analysis Toolkit: a MapReduce framework for analyzing next-generation DNA sequencing data. Genome Res. 20, 1297–1303 (2010).
pubmed: 20644199 pmcid: 20644199 doi: 10.1101/gr.107524.110
McLaren, W. et al. The Ensembl Variant Effect Predictor. Genome Biol. 17, 122 (2016).
pubmed: 27268795 pmcid: 27268795 doi: 10.1186/s13059-016-0974-4
Cawthon, R. M. Telomere length measurement by a novel monochrome multiplex quantitative PCR method. Nucleic Acids Res. 37, e21 (2009).
pubmed: 19129229 pmcid: 2647324 doi: 10.1093/nar/gkn1027

Auteurs

Ana Rio-Machin (A)

Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. a.rio-machin@qmul.ac.uk.

Tom Vulliamy (T)

Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. t.vulliamy@qmul.ac.uk.

Nele Hug (N)

MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Amanda Walne (A)

Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

Kiran Tawana (K)

Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.

Shirleny Cardoso (S)

Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

Alicia Ellison (A)

Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

Nikolas Pontikos (N)

Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

Jun Wang (J)

Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

Hemanth Tummala (H)

Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

Ahad Fahad H Al Seraihi (AFH)

Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

Jenna Alnajar (J)

Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

Findlay Bewicke-Copley (F)

Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

Hannah Armes (H)

Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

Michael Barnett (M)

The Leukemia/BMT Program of British Columbia, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Adrian Bloor (A)

Department of Haematology, Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK.

Csaba Bödör (C)

MTA-SE Lendulet Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.

David Bowen (D)

Department of Haematology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.

Pierre Fenaux (P)

Service d'hématologie Séniors, Hôpital St Louis/Université Paris, Paris, France.

Andrew Green (A)

National Centre for Medical Genetics, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.

Andrew Hallahan (A)

Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia.

Henrik Hjorth-Hansen (H)

Department of Hematology, St Olavs Hospital and Institute of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine (IKM) Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.

Upal Hossain (U)

Department of Haematology, Whipps Cross Hospital, Barts NHS Trust, London, UK.

Sally Killick (S)

Department of Haematology, The Royal Bournemouth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth, UK.

Sarah Lawson (S)

Department of Haematology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK.

Mark Layton (M)

Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.

Alison M Male (AM)

Clinic Genetics Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.

Judith Marsh (J)

Department of Haematological Medicine, Haematology Institute, King's College Hospital, London, UK.

Priyanka Mehta (P)

Bristol Haematology Unit, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK.

Rogier Mous (R)

UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Huispostnummer, Utrecht, Netherlands.

Josep F Nomdedéu (JF)

Laboratori d´Hematologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Carolyn Owen (C)

Division of Hematology and Hematological Malignancies, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada.

Jiri Pavlu (J)

Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.

Elspeth M Payne (EM)

Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.

Rachel E Protheroe (RE)

Bristol Haematology Unit, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK.

Claude Preudhomme (C)

Laboratory of Hematology, Biology and Pathology Center, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France.
Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, INSERM, Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France.

Nuria Pujol-Moix (N)

Laboratori d´Hematologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Aline Renneville (A)

Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Nigel Russell (N)

Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.

Anand Saggar (A)

Clinical Genetics, St George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK.

Gabriela Sciuccati (G)

Servicio de Hematologia y Oncologia, Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan", Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.

David Taussig (D)

Haemato-oncology Department, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, UK.

Cynthia L Toze (CL)

The Leukemia/BMT Program of British Columbia, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Anne Uyttebroeck (A)

Department of Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Peter Vandenberghe (P)

Department of Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Brigitte Schlegelberger (B)

Institut für Humangenetik, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany.

Tim Ripperger (T)

Institut für Humangenetik, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany.

Doris Steinemann (D)

Institut für Humangenetik, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany.

John Wu (J)

British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Joanne Mason (J)

West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.

Paula Page (P)

West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.

Susanna Akiki (S)

Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Qatar Rehabilitation Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa Medical City (HBKM), Doha, Qatar.

Kim Reay (K)

West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.

Jamie D Cavenagh (JD)

Department of Haematology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts NHS Trust, London, UK.

Vincent Plagnol (V)

Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK.

Javier F Caceres (JF)

MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Jude Fitzgibbon (J)

Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. j.fitzgibbon@qmul.ac.uk.

Inderjeet Dokal (I)

Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. i.dokal@qmul.ac.uk.
Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK. i.dokal@qmul.ac.uk.

Articles similaires

[Redispensing of expensive oral anticancer medicines: a practical application].

Lisanne N van Merendonk, Kübra Akgöl, Bastiaan Nuijen
1.00
Humans Antineoplastic Agents Administration, Oral Drug Costs Counterfeit Drugs

Smoking Cessation and Incident Cardiovascular Disease.

Jun Hwan Cho, Seung Yong Shin, Hoseob Kim et al.
1.00
Humans Male Smoking Cessation Cardiovascular Diseases Female
Humans United States Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Medicare Part C
1.00
Humans Yoga Low Back Pain Female Male

Classifications MeSH