A review of recent research on Theileria parva: Implications for the infection and treatment vaccination method for control of East Coast fever.
Africa
/ epidemiology
Animals
Antigens, Protozoan
/ immunology
Buffaloes
/ parasitology
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes
/ immunology
Carrier State
Cattle
Cattle Diseases
/ epidemiology
Disease Reservoirs
/ parasitology
Genetic Variation
Genetics, Population
Minisatellite Repeats
/ genetics
Molecular Epidemiology
Protozoan Vaccines
/ immunology
Theileria parva
/ genetics
Theileriasis
/ epidemiology
Ticks
/ parasitology
Vaccination
/ veterinary
Vaccines, Attenuated
/ immunology
Theileria parva
East Coast fever
cape buffalo
infection and treatment (ITM)
live vaccination
molecular epidemiology
population genetics
Journal
Transboundary and emerging diseases
ISSN: 1865-1682
Titre abrégé: Transbound Emerg Dis
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 101319538
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Mar 2020
Mar 2020
Historique:
received:
26
03
2019
revised:
17
07
2019
accepted:
05
08
2019
entrez:
17
3
2020
pubmed:
17
3
2020
medline:
25
8
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The infection and treatment (ITM) live vaccination method for control of Theileria parva infection in cattle is increasingly being adopted, particularly in Maasai pastoralist systems. Several studies indicate positive impacts on human livelihoods. Importantly, the first detailed protocol for live vaccine production at scale has recently been published. However, quality control and delivery issues constrain vaccination sustainability and deployment. There is evidence that the distribution of T. parva is spreading from endemic areas in East Africa, North into Southern Sudan and West into Cameroon, probably as a result of anthropogenic movement of cattle. It has also recently been demonstrated that in Kenya, T. parva derived from cape buffalo can 'breakthrough' the immunity induced by ITM. However, in Tanzania, breakthrough has not been reported in areas where cattle co-graze with buffalo. It has been confirmed that buffalo in northern Uganda national parks are not infected with T. parva and R. appendiculatus appears to be absent, raising issues regarding vector distribution. Recently, there have been multiple field population genetic studies using variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) sequences and sequencing of antigen genes encoding targets of CD8+ T-cell responses. The VNTR markers generally reveal high levels of diversity. The antigen gene sequences present within the trivalent Muguga cocktail are relatively conserved among cattle transmissible T. parva populations. By contrast, greater genetic diversity is present in antigen genes from T. parva of buffalo origin. There is also evidence from several studies for transmission of components of stocks present within the Muguga cocktail, into field ticks and cattle following induction of a carrier state by immunization. In the short term, this may increase live vaccine effectiveness, through a more homogeneous challenge, but the long-term consequences are unknown.
Substances chimiques
Antigens, Protozoan
0
Protozoan Vaccines
0
Vaccines, Attenuated
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
56-67Informations de copyright
© 2020 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.
Références
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