Why is Zeaxanthin the Most Concentrated Xanthophyll in the Central Fovea?
AMD
lipid bilayer
lutein
macula
macular xanthophyll
zeaxanthin
Journal
Nutrients
ISSN: 2072-6643
Titre abrégé: Nutrients
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101521595
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
07 May 2020
07 May 2020
Historique:
received:
02
04
2020
revised:
04
05
2020
accepted:
05
05
2020
entrez:
13
5
2020
pubmed:
13
5
2020
medline:
17
2
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Diet-based xanthophylls (zeaxanthin and lutein) are conditionally essential polar carotenoids preferentially accreted in high concentrations (1 mM) to the central retina, where they have the capacity to impart unique physiologically significant biophysical biochemical properties implicated in cell function, rescue, and survival. Macular xanthophylls interact with membrane-bound proteins and lipids to absorb/attenuate light energy, modulate oxidative stress and redox balance, and influence signal transduction cascades implicated in the pathophysiology of age-related macular degeneration. There is exclusive transport, sequestration, and appreciable bioamplification of macular xanthophylls from the circulating carotenoid pool to the retina and within the retina to regions required for high-resolution sensory processing. The distribution of diet-based macular xanthophylls and the lutein metabolite meso-zeaxanthin varies considerably by retinal eccentricity. Zeaxanthin concentrations are 2.5-fold higher than lutein in the cone-dense central fovea. This is an ~20-fold increase in the molar ratio relative to eccentric retinal regions with biochemically detectable macular xanthophylls. In this review, we discuss how the differences in the specific properties of lutein and zeaxanthin could help explain the preferential accumulation of zeaxanthin in the most vulnerable region of the macula.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32392888
pii: nu12051333
doi: 10.3390/nu12051333
pmc: PMC7284714
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Lipid Bilayers
0
Zeaxanthins
0
Lutein
X72A60C9MT
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Subventions
Organisme : NEI NIH HHS
ID : R01 EY015526
Pays : United States
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
Dr. SanGiovanni was in the central leadership of AREDS and AREDS2; he was involved in planning and implementing the major aspects of AREDS2. Dr. SanGiovanni has received in vivo retinal imaging measurement technology from ZeaVision. The other authors declare no conflict of interest.
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