Comparison of tobacco-specific nitrosamine levels in smokeless tobacco products: High levels in products from Bangladesh.
Journal
PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
Titre abrégé: PLoS One
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101285081
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2020
2020
Historique:
received:
11
11
2019
accepted:
28
04
2020
entrez:
27
5
2020
pubmed:
27
5
2020
medline:
18
8
2020
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Bangladesh exhibits the second highest rate of smokeless tobacco (SLT) product usage in the world, and this has been associated with the high upper aerodigestive tract cancer incidence in this country. The goal of the present study was to examine the levels of the highly carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) in Bangladeshi SLT products and compare these levels to that observed in SLT brands from southeast Asia and the USA. The levels of TSNAs and nicotine were determined by LC-MS/MS in twenty-eight SLT brands and several tobacco additives from Bangladesh, as well as several SLT brands from India, Pakistan and the USA. The levels of N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), N-nitrosoanatabine (NAT) and N-nitrosoanabasine (NAB) in Bangladeshi SLT brands ranged from 1.1-59, 0.15-34, 0.79-45, and 0.037-13 μg/g SLT powder, respectively. The mean levels of the highly carcinogenic TSNAs (NNN+NNK) were 7.4-, 2.4-, and 63-fold higher in Bangladeshi SLT products as compared to SLT brands from the USA, India and Pakistan, respectively; these trends were also observed for NAT and NAB. Similar mean levels of nicotine were observed in the Bangladeshi brands (31 mg/g powder) versus brands from the USA (25 mg/g powder) and India (20 mg/g powder); they were 3-fold higher than brands from Pakistan (10 mg/g powder). Gul SLT brands exhibited the highest pH and the highest levels of unprotonated nicotine. The high levels of TSNAs in Bangladeshi SLT brands may be an important factor contributing to the high rates of upper aerodigestive tract cancer in Bangladesh.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32453764
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233111
pii: PONE-D-19-31420
pmc: PMC7250445
doi:
Substances chimiques
Nitrosamines
0
N'-nitrosoanabasine
37620-20-5
Nicotine
6M3C89ZY6R
N'-nitrosonornicotine
X656TZ86DX
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e0233111Subventions
Organisme : NIEHS NIH HHS
ID : R01 ES025460
Pays : United States
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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