Black tea and curcumin synergistically mitigate the hepatotoxicity and nephropathic changes induced by chronic exposure to aflatoxin-B1 in Sprague-Dawley rats.
AFB1
black tea
curcumin
glutathione
oxidative stress
p53/Bcl2
Journal
Journal of food biochemistry
ISSN: 1745-4514
Titre abrégé: J Food Biochem
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 7706045
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
09 2020
09 2020
Historique:
received:
27
03
2020
revised:
25
05
2020
accepted:
28
05
2020
pubmed:
1
7
2020
medline:
22
6
2021
entrez:
1
7
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The study aimed to clarify the characteristics of black tea (BTE) and/or curcumin (CMN) against aflatoxin-B1 (AFB1). Forty eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight groups. G1 was non-treated control. G2, G3, and G4 were olive oil, BTE, and CMN, respectively. G5 was olive oil-dissolved AFB1 (25 µg/kg b.w). G6, G7, and G8 were AFB1 along with BTE (2%), CMN (200 mg/kg b.w.), and BTE plus CMN, respectively. All treatments were orally given for consecutive 90 days. After treatment period, rats were sacrificed. Serobiochemical analysis and histopathology showed hepatorenal dysfunction in response to AFB1. Glutathione-antioxidants were significantly decreased versus increased lipid peroxides (p < .05-.001). AFB1 significantly increased the expression of the antitumor p53, but decreased that of antiapoptotic Bcl2 in liver or kidney tissue, either (p < .05). BTE or CMN ameliorated those changes induced by AFB1 in both liver and kidney with highly pronounced improvement when combined BTE/CMN was used. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Black tea (BTE) and curcumin (CMN) were known for their antioxidant effects, and several studies reported their independent effects against different toxicities including aflatoxicosis. The current study clarifies the ameliorative characteristics of both agents; BTE and/or CMN, against the toxicity resulted from the chronic exposure to aflatoxin-B1 (AFB1) (25 µg/kg b.w. for consecutive 90 days). The dose of either agents, BTE or CMN, was 200 mg/kg b.w. along with AFB1. The pathologic changes, serobiochemical parameters, oxidative stress, histological changes, and the molecular disruption, induced by AFB1 in both liver and kidney were obviously and significantly ameliorated after BTE and/or CMN treatments in variable potencies where both agents showed the most effective antitoxic capacities.
Substances chimiques
Tea
0
Aflatoxin B1
9N2N2Y55MH
Curcumin
IT942ZTH98
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e13346Informations de copyright
© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Références
Abdel-Raheem, I. T., El-Sherbiny, G. A., & Taye, A. (2010). Green tea ameliorates renal oxidative damage induced by gentamicin in rats. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 23, 21-28.
Abdel-Wahhab, M. A., Ibrahim, A., El-Nekeety, A. A., Hassan, N. S., & Mohamed, A. A. (2012). Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer extract counteracts the oxidative stress in rats fed multi-mycotoxins-contaminated diet. Comunicata Scientiae, 3, 143-153. Retrieved from www.researchgate.net/publication/233954618
Abdulmajeed, N. A. (2011). Therapeutic ability of some plant extracts on aflatoxin B1 induced renal and cardiac damage. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 4, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.06.005
Aebi, H. (1984). Catalase in vitro. Methods in Enzymology, 105, 121-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(84)05016-3
Al-Amoudi, W. M. (2013). Curcumin ameliorates nephrotoxicity and histopathological alterations induced by chlorpyrifos in albino rats. Journal of Pharmacology Research, 3, 64-69.
Al-Doaiss, A. A., Ali, D., Ali, B. A., & Jarrar, B. M. (2019). Renal histological alterations induced by acute exposure of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. International Journal of Morphology, 37, 1049-1057. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022019000301049
Alisi, A., Comparcola, D., De Stefanis, C., & Nobili, V. (2015). Arginase 1: A potential marker of a common pattern of liver steatosis in HCV and NAFLD children. Journal of Hepatology, 62, 1204-1218.
Alm-Eldeen, A. A., Mona, M. H., Shati, A. A., & El-Mekkawy, H. I. (2015). Synergistic effect of black tea and curcumin in improving the hepatotoxicity induced by aflatoxin B1 in rats. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 31, 1269-1280. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748233713491807
Anilakumar, K. R., Khanum, F., Sudarshanakrishna, K. R., & Santhanam, K. (2004). Effect of amaranth leaves on dimethyl hydrazine-induced changes in multicomponent antioxidant system of rat liver. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 42, 595-600.
Awad, A. S., & El-Sharif, A. A. (2011). Curcumin immune-mediated and anti-apoptotic mechanisms protect against renal ischemia/reperfusion and distant organ induced injuries. International Immunopharmacology, 11, 992-996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2011.02.015
Bayrak, O., Uz, E., Bayrak, R., Turgut, F., Atmaca, A. F., Sahin, S., … Akcay, A. (2008). Curcumin protects against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat kidneys. World Journal of Urology, 26, 285-291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-008-0253-4
Birben, E., Sahiner, U. M., Sackesen, C., Erzurum, S., & Kalayci, O. (2012). Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense. WAO Journal, 5, 9-19.
Brahmi, D., Bouaziz, C., Ayed, Y., Ben Mansour, H., Zourgui, L., & Bacha, H. (2011). Chemopreventive effect of cactus Opuntia ficus indica on oxidative stress and genotoxicity of aflatoxin B1. Nutrition & Metabolism (London), 8, 73. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-8-73
Bounaama, A., Djerdjouri, B., Laroche-Clary, A., Le Morvan, V., & Robert, J. (2012). Short curcumin treatment modulates oxidative stress, arginase activity, aberrant crypt foci, and TGF-β1 and HES-1 transcripts in 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine-colon carcinogenesis in mice. Toxicology, 302, 308-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2012.08.014
Cardiff, R. D., Miller, C. H., & Munn, R. J. (2014). Manual hematoxylin and eosin staining of mouse tissue sections. Cold Spring Harbor Protocols, 2014(6), 655-658. http://doi:10.1101/pdb.prot073411
Choudhary, A., & Verma, R. J. (2006). Black tea ameliorates aflatoxin-induced lipid peroxidation in the kidney of mice. Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica, 63, 307-310.
Chrzanowska, A., Krawczyk, M., & Barańczyk-Kuzma, A. (2008). Changes in arginase isoenzymes pattern in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 77, 337-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.09.093
Cui, X., Muhammad, I., Li, R., Jin, H., Guo, Z., Yang, Y., … Zhang, X. (2017). Development of a UPLC-FLD method for detection of aflatoxin B1 and M1 in animal tissue to study the effect of curcumin on mycotoxin clearance rates. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 8, 650. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00650
Donehower, L. A. (2014). Insights into wildtype and mutant p53 functions provided by genetically engineered mice. Human Mutation, 35, 715-727. https://doi.org/10.1002/humu.22507
Duvoix, A., Blasius, R., Delhalle, S., Schnekenburger, M., Morceau, F., Henry, E., … Diederich, M. (2005). Chemopreventive and therapeutic effects of curcumin. Cancer Letters, 223, 181-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2004.09.041
Dvorackova, I., Stora, C., & Ayraud, N. (1981). Evidence for aflatoxin B1 in two cases of lung cancer in man. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, 100, 221-224. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00403368
El-Barbary, M. I. (2016). Detoxification and antioxidant effects of garlic and curcumin in oreochromis niloticus injected with aflatoxin B1 with reference to gene expression of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) by RT-PCR. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 42, 617-629. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-015-0164-4
El-Houseini, M. E., El-Agoza, I. A., Sakr, M. M., & El-Malky, G. M. (2017). Novel protective role of curcumin and taurine combination against experimental hepatocarcinogenesis. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 13, 29-36. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3952
El-Houseini, M., Mohammed, S., Elshemey, W. M., Hussein, T. D., Desouky, O. S., & Elsayed, A. A. (2005). Enhanced detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Control, 12, 248-253. https://doi.org/10.1177/107327480501200407
Elzoghby, R. R., Amin, A., Hamouda, A. F., & Ali, A. F. (2015). Toxicological and pathological studies of ivermectin on male albino rats. Journal of American Science, 11, 73-83. Retrieved from www.jofamericanscience.org
Frei, B., & Higdon, J. V. (2003). Antioxidant activity of tea polyphenols in vivo: Evidence from animal studies. Journal of Nutrition, 133, S3275-S3284. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/133.10.3275S
Garcia-Cohen, E. C., Marin, J., Diez-Picazo, L. D., Baena, A. B., Salaices, M., & Rodriguez-Martinez, M. A. (2000). Oxidative stress induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide causes vasoconstriction in the aorta from hypertensive and aged rats: Role of cyclooxygenase-2 isoform. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 293, 75-81.
Ghouri, Y. A., Mian, I., & Rowe, J. H. (2017). Review of hepatocellular carcinoma: Epidemiology, etiology, and carcinogenesis. Journal of Carcinogenesis, 16, 1. https://doi.org/10.4103/jcar.JCar_9_16
Gross-Steinmeyer, K., & Eaton, D. L. (2012). Dietary modulation of the biotransformation and genotoxicity of aflatoxin B1. Toxicology, 299, 69-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2012.05.016
Guengerich, F. P., Johnson, W. W., Shimada, T., Ueng, Y. F., Yamazaki, H., & Langouët, S. (1998). Activation and detoxication of aflatoxin B1. Mutation Research, 402, 121-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0027-5107(97)00289-3
Habig, W. H., Pabst, M. J., & Jakoby, W. B. (1974). Glutathione S-transferases. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 249, 7130-7139. Retrieved from https://jbc.org/content/249/22/7130.long
Hallman, K., Aleck, K., Dwyer, B., Lloyd, V., Quigley, M., Sitto, N., … Dinda, S. (2017). The effects of turmeric (curcumin) on tumor suppressor protein (p53) and estrogen receptor (ERα) in breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer (Dove Med Press), 9, 153-161. https://doi.org/10.2147/BCTT.S125783
Hata, A. N., Engelman, J. A., & Faber, A. C. (2015). The BCL2 family: Key mediators of the apoptotic response to targeted anticancer therapeutics. Cancer Discovery, 5(5), 475-487. https://doi.org/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-15-0011
Ilbey, Y. O., Ozbek, E., Cekmen, M., Simsek, A., Otunctemur, A., & Somay, A. (2009). Protective effect of curcumin in cisplatin-induced oxidative injury in rat testis: Mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathways. Human Reproduction, 24, 1717-1725. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dep058
Imran, A., Arshad, M. U., Arshad, M. S., Imran, M., Saeed, F., & Sohaib, M. (2018). Lipid peroxidation diminishing perspective of isolated theaflavins and thearubigins from black tea in arginine induced renal malfunctional rats. Lipids in Health and Disease, 17(1), 157. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-018-0808-3
Jha, A., Krithika, R., Manjeet, D., & Verma, R. J. (2013). Protective effect of black tea infusion on aflatoxin-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology, 3, 29-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jceh.2012.12.003
Jo, H., Cho, Y. J., Zhang, H., & Liang, P. (2001). Differential display analysis of gene expression altered by ras oncogene. Methods in Enzymology, 332, 233-344. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0076-6879(01)32206-1
Josse, R., Dumont, J., Fautre, A., Robin, M., & Guillouzo, A. (2012). Identification of early target genes of aflatoxin B1 in human hepatocytes, inter-individual variability and comparison with other genotoxic compounds. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 258, 176-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2011.10.019
Kanakov, V. D., Hristov, T. S., Lazarov, L., Binev, R., Grozeva, N., & Nikolov, Y. (2014). Effects of experimental aflatoxicosis on renal function in broiler chickens. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 17, 314-324. Retrieved from http://tru.uni-sz.bg/bjvm/bjvm.htm
Kelly, J. D., Eaton, D. L., Guengerich, F. P., & Coulombe, R. A., Jr. (1997). Aflatoxin B1 activation in human lung. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 144, 88-95. https://doi.org/10.1006/taap.1997.8117
Kew, M. C. (2013). Aflatoxins as a cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. Journal of Gastrointestinal Liver Diseases, 22, 305-310.
Koracevic, D., Koracevic, G., Djordjevic, V., Andrejevic, S., & Cosic, V. (2001). Method for the measurement of antioxidant activity in human fluids. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 54, 356-361. https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.54.5.356
Krishnaiah, D., Sarbatly, R., & Nithyanandam, R. (2011). A review of the antioxidant potential of medicinal plant species. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 89, 217-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2010.04.008
Kroemer, G. (1998). The mitochondrion as an integrator/coordinator of cell death pathways. Cell Death Differentiation, 5, 547. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.cdd.4400387
Kumar, D., & Rizvi, S. I. (2014). Black tea supplementation improves antioxidant status in rats subjected to oxidative stress. Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung C-A Journal of Biosciences, 68, 347-354.
Kumar, M., Verma, V., Nagpal, R., Kumar, A., Behare, P. V., Singh, B., & Aggarwal, P. K. (2012). Anti-carcinogenic effect of probiotic fermented milk and chlorophyllin on aflatoxin-B₁-induced liver carcinogenesis in rats. British Journal of Nutrition, 107, 1006-1016. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114511003953
Leavesley, H. B., Li, L., Prabhakaran, K., Borowitz, J. L., & Isom, G. E. (2008). Interaction of cyanide and nitric oxide with cytochrome c oxidase: Implications for acute cyanide toxicity. Toxicological Sciences, 101, 101-111. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfm254
Li, H., Xing, L., Zhang, M., Wang, J., & Zheng, N. (2018). The toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin M1 on kidney through regulating L-Proline and downstream apoptosis. Biomed Research International, 2018, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9074861
Li, Q., Zhang, Y., El-Naggar, A. K., Xiong, S., Yang, P., Jackson, J. G., … Lozano, G. (2014). Therapeutic efficacy of p53 restoration in Mdm2-overexpressing tumors. Molecular Cancer Research, 12, 901-911. https://doi.org/10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-14-0089
Liao, S., Shi, D., Clemons-Chevis, C. L., Guo, S., Su, R., Qiang, P., & Tang, Z. (2014). Protective role of selenium on aflatoxin b1-induced hepatic dysfunction and apoptosis of liver in ducklings. Biological Trace Element Research, 162, 296-301. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-014-0131-4
Lichnovsky, V., Kolar, Z., Murray, P., Hlobilkova, A., Cernochova, D., Pospisilova, E., … Nenutil, R. (1998). Differences in p53 and Bcl2 expression in relation to cell proliferation during the development of human embryos. Journal of Clinical Pathology, Molecular Pathology, 51, 131-137. https://doi.org/10.1136/mp.51.3.131
Limaye, A., Yu, R. C., Chou, C. C., Liu, J. R., & Cheng, K. C. (2018). Protective and detoxifying effects conferred by dietary selenium and curcumin against AFB1-mediated toxicity in livestock: A review. Toxins (Basel), 10, E25. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins10010025
Łuczaj, W., & Skrzydlewska, E. (2005). Antioxidative properties of black tea. Preventive Medicine, 40, 910-918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.10.014
Mace, K., Aguilar, F., Wang, J. S., Vautravers, P., Gomez-Lechon, M., Gonzalez, F. J., … Pfeifer, A. M. (1997). Aflatoxin B1-induced DNA adduct formation and p53 mutations in CYP450expressing human liver cell lines. Carcinogenesis, 18, 1291-1297. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/18.7.1291
Marin, D. E., & Taranu, I. (2012). Overview on aflatoxins and oxidative stress. Toxin Reviews, 31, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3109/15569543.2012.730092
Masuda, T., Maekawa, T., Hidaka, K., Bando, H., Takeda, Y., & Yamaguchi, H. (2001). Chemical studies on antioxidant mechanisms of curcumin: Analysis of oxidative coupling products from curcumin and linoleate. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49, 2539-2547. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf001442x
McLauchlan, D. (1988). Creatinine, urate and urea. In A. D. Gowenlock (Ed.), Varleysís practical clinical biochemistry (p. 350). London, UK: Heinemann.
Meng, J. M., Cao, S. Y., Wei, X. L., Gan, R. Y., Wang, Y. F., Cai, S. X., … Li, H. B. (2019). Effects and mechanisms of tea for the prevention and management of diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications: An updated review. Antioxidants (Basel), 8, 170. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8060170
Menon, V. P., & Sudheer, A. R. (2007). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 595, 105-125.
Moos, P. J., Edes, K., Mullally, J. E., & Fitzpatrick, F. A. (2004). Curcumin impairs tumor suppressor p53 function in colon cancer cells. Carcinogenesis, 25, 1611-1617. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgh163
Mozhdeh, K., & Mahmoud, N. (2014). Studying the effect of vitamin E and selenium on liver enzymes in chemotherapy rat with cyclophosphamide. Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University. Jahrom Iran. Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia, 11, 1031-1035. https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/1379
Muhammad, I., Wang, H., Sun, X., Wang, X., Han, M., Lu, Z., … Zhang, X. (2018). Dual role of dietary curcumin through attenuating AFB1-induced oxidative stress and liver injury via modulating liver phase-I and phase-II enzymes involved in AFB1 bioactivation and detoxification. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 9, 554. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00554
Niki, E., Yoshida, Y., Saito, Y., & Noguchi, N. (2005). Lipid peroxidation: Mechanisms, inhibition, and biological effects. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 338, 668-676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.08.072
Ozen, H., Karaman, M., Cifremio, Y., Tuzcu, M., Ozcan, K., & Erdaf, D. (2009). Effectiveness of melatonin on aflatoxicosis in chicks. Research in Veterinary Science, 86, 485-489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.09.011
Panza, V. S. P., Wazlawik, E., Schutz, G. R., Comin, L., Hecht, K. C., & Da Silva, E. L. (2008). Consumption of green tea favorably affects oxidative stress markers in weight-trained men. Nutrition, 24, 433-442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2008.01.009
Parkinson, A. (1996). Biotransformation of xenobiotics. In C. D. Klassen (Ed.), Cassarett and Doull’s toxicology: The basic science of poisons (5th ed., pp. 113-186). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Polychronaki, N., Wild, C. P., Mykkänen, H., Amra, H., Abdel-Wahhab, M., Sylla, A., … Turner, P. C. (2008). Urinary biomarkers of aflatoxin exposure in young children from Egypt and Guinea. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46, 519-526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2007.08.034
Prasad, W. L., Srilatha, C., Sailaja, N., Raju, N. K., & Jayasree, N. (2016). Amelioration of gamma-hexachloro-cyclohexane (lindane) induced renal toxicity by Camellia sinensis in Wistar rats. Veterinary World, 9, 1331-1337. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2016.1331-1337
Raihan, S. Z., Chowdhury, A. K. A., Rabbani, G. H., Marni, F., Ali, M. S., Nahar, L., & Sarker, S. D. (2009). Effect of aqueous extracts of black and green teas in arsenic-induced toxicity in rabbits. Phytotherapy Research, 23, 1603-1608. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2827
Ramalho, L. N. Z., Porta, L. D., Rosim, R. E., Petta, T., Augusto, M. J., Silva, D. M., … Oliveira, C. A. F. (2018). Aflatoxin B1 residues in human livers and their relationship with markers of hepatic carcinogenesis in São Paulo, Brazi. Toxicology Reports, 5, 777-784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.07.005
Reyes-Gordillo, K., Segovia, J., Shibayama, M., Vergara, P., Moreno, M. N. G., & Muriel, P. (2007). Curcumin protects against acute liver damage in the rat by inhibiting NF-KappaB, proinflammatory cytokines production and oxidative stress. Biochemica et Biophysica Acta, 1770, 989-996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2007.02.004
Saad-Hussein, A., Taha, M. M., Beshir, S., Shahy, E. M., Shaheen, W., & Elhamshary, M. (2014). Carcinogenic effects of aflatoxin B1 among wheat handlers. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, 20, 215-219. https://doi.org/10.1179/2049396714Y.0000000069
Saddiq, A. A., & Kalifa, S. A. (2011). Impact of fungal content of some Arabic nuts to induce kidney toxicity and agonistic action of natural resources. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 5, 1046-1056. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR11.018
Sharma, U., Pal, D., & Prasad, R. (2014). Alkaline phosphatase: An overview. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 29, 269-278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-013-0408-y
Sivanesan, D., & Begum, V. H. (2007). Preventive role of Gynandropsis gynandra L., against aflatoxin B1 induced lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense mechanism in rat. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 45, 299-303.
Suryanarayana, P., Satyanarayana, A., Balakrishna, N., Kumar, P. U., & Reddy, G. B. (2007). Effect of turmeric and curcumin on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. Medical Science Monitor, 13, 286-292.
Tokaç, M., Taner, G., Aydın, S., Ozkardeş, A. B., Dündar, H. Z., Taşlıpınar, M. Y., … Basaran, N. (2013). Protective effects of curcumin against oxidative stress parameters and DNA damage in the livers and kidneys of rats with biliary obstruction. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 61, 28-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.015
Troup, R., Hayes, J. H., Raatz, S. K., Thyagarajan, B., Khaliq, W., Jacobs, D. R., … Gross, M. (2015). Effect of black tea intake on blood cholesterol concentrations in individuals with mild hypercholesterolemia: A diet-controlled randomized trial. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition Dietetics, 115, 264-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2014.07.021
Van Vleet, T. R., Watterson, T. L., Klein, P. J., & Coulombe, R. A., Jr. (2006). Aflatoxin B1 alters the expression of p53 in cytochrome P450-expressing human lung cells. Toxicological Sciences, 89, 399-407. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfj039
Verma, R. J., & Mathuria, N. (2008). Curcumin ameliorates aflatoxin-induced lipid peroxidation in liver and kidney of mice. Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica, 65, 195-202.
Wei, Q. Y., Chen, W. F., Zhou, B., Yang, L., & Liu, Z. L. (2006). Inhibition of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in rat liver mitochondria by curcumin and its analogues. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1760, 70-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.09.008
Weng, M. W., Lee, H. W., Choi, B., Wang, H. T., Hu, Y., Mehta, M., … Tang, M. S. (2017). AFB1 hepatocarcinogenesis is via lipid peroxidation that inhibits DNA repair, sensitizes mutation susceptibility and induces aldehyde-DNA adducts at p53 mutational hotspot codon 249. Oncotarget, 8, 18213-18226. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.15313
Williams, J. G., Kubelik, A. R., Livak, K. J., Rafalski, J. A., & Tingey, S. V. (1990). DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acids Research, 18, 6531-6535. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.22.6531
Yener, Z., Celik, I., Ilhan, F., & Bal, R. (2009). Effects of Urtica dioica L. seed on lipid peroxidation, antioxidants and liver pathology in aflatoxin-induced tissue injury in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47, 418-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.11.031
Zhang, N. Y., Qi, M., Zhao, L., Zhu, M. K., Guo, J., Liu, J., … Sun, L. H. (2016). Curcumin prevents aflatoxin b₁ hepatoxicity by inhibition of cytochrome p450 isozymes in chick liver. Toxins (Basel), 18, 327-336.
Zou, P., Song, J., Jiang, B., Pei, F., Chen, B., Yang, X., … Hu, Z. (2014). Epigallocatechin-3-gallate protects against cisplatin nephrotoxicity by inhibiting the apoptosis in mouse. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, 7, 4607-4616.