Post-vaccine rotavirus genotype distribution in Nairobi County, Kenya.
Child, Preschool
Diarrhea
/ epidemiology
Feces
/ virology
Female
Gastroenteritis
/ epidemiology
Genotype
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Kenya
/ epidemiology
Male
Phylogeny
Prevalence
Rotavirus
/ classification
Rotavirus Infections
/ epidemiology
Rotavirus Vaccines
/ administration & dosage
Vaccination
Vaccines, Attenuated
/ administration & dosage
Gastroenteritis
Genotypes
Rotarix
Rotavirus
Vaccine
Journal
International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases
ISSN: 1878-3511
Titre abrégé: Int J Infect Dis
Pays: Canada
ID NLM: 9610933
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Nov 2020
Nov 2020
Historique:
received:
23
04
2020
revised:
30
08
2020
accepted:
01
09
2020
pubmed:
9
9
2020
medline:
27
1
2021
entrez:
8
9
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Rotaviruses are primary etiological agents of gastroenteritis in young children. In Kenya, G1P8 monovalent vaccine (Rotarix) was introduced in July 2014 for mandatory vaccination of all newborns at 6 and 10 weeks of age. Since then, no studies have been done to identify the rotavirus genotypes circulating in Nairobi County, Kenya, following the vaccine introduction, hence the post-vaccine genotype distribution is not known. The aim of this study was to determine the post-vaccine occurrence of rotavirus genotypes in children <5 years of age in Nairobi County, Kenya. Stool samples were collected from children presenting with diarrhea for whom the vaccination status was card-confirmed. Fecal samples were analyzed for rotavirus antigen using a commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kit, followed by characterization by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, RT-PCR, and nested PCR genotyping, targeting the most medically important genotypes. The strains observed included G1P[8] (38.8%), G9P[8] (20.4%), G2P[4] (12.2%), G3[P4] (6.1%), G2P[6] (4.1%), and G9P[6] (4.1%). Mixed genotype constellations G3P[4][8] were also detected (4.1%). Remarkably, an increased prevalence of G2 genotypes was observed, revealing a change in genetic diversity of rotavirus strains. While the dominance of G1P[8] decreased after vaccination, an upsurge in G2P[4] (12.2%) and G9P[8] (20.4%) was observed. Additionally, G3[P4] (6.1%) and G2P[6] (4.1%) prevalence increased over the 3 years of study. The results inform the need for robust longitudinal surveillance and epidemiological studies to assess the long-term interaction between rotavirus vaccine and strain ecology.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Rotaviruses are primary etiological agents of gastroenteritis in young children. In Kenya, G1P8 monovalent vaccine (Rotarix) was introduced in July 2014 for mandatory vaccination of all newborns at 6 and 10 weeks of age. Since then, no studies have been done to identify the rotavirus genotypes circulating in Nairobi County, Kenya, following the vaccine introduction, hence the post-vaccine genotype distribution is not known.
OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine the post-vaccine occurrence of rotavirus genotypes in children <5 years of age in Nairobi County, Kenya.
METHODS
METHODS
Stool samples were collected from children presenting with diarrhea for whom the vaccination status was card-confirmed. Fecal samples were analyzed for rotavirus antigen using a commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kit, followed by characterization by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, RT-PCR, and nested PCR genotyping, targeting the most medically important genotypes.
RESULTS
RESULTS
The strains observed included G1P[8] (38.8%), G9P[8] (20.4%), G2P[4] (12.2%), G3[P4] (6.1%), G2P[6] (4.1%), and G9P[6] (4.1%). Mixed genotype constellations G3P[4][8] were also detected (4.1%). Remarkably, an increased prevalence of G2 genotypes was observed, revealing a change in genetic diversity of rotavirus strains. While the dominance of G1P[8] decreased after vaccination, an upsurge in G2P[4] (12.2%) and G9P[8] (20.4%) was observed. Additionally, G3[P4] (6.1%) and G2P[6] (4.1%) prevalence increased over the 3 years of study.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
The results inform the need for robust longitudinal surveillance and epidemiological studies to assess the long-term interaction between rotavirus vaccine and strain ecology.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32898668
pii: S1201-9712(20)30719-0
doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.005
pmc: PMC7670220
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
RIX4414 vaccine
0
Rotavirus Vaccines
0
Vaccines, Attenuated
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
434-440Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
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