Evaluation of a novel immunoassay to detect p-tau Thr217 in the CSF to distinguish Alzheimer disease from other dementias.


Journal

Neurology
ISSN: 1526-632X
Titre abrégé: Neurology
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0401060

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
01 12 2020
Historique:
received: 04 03 2020
accepted: 08 07 2020
pubmed: 26 9 2020
medline: 17 12 2020
entrez: 25 9 2020
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

To investigate whether tau phosphorylated at Thr217 (p-tau T217) assay in CSF can distinguish patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) from patients with other dementias and healthy controls. We developed and validated a novel Simoa immunoassay to detect p-tau T217 in CSF. There was a total of 190 participants from 3 cohorts with AD (n = 77) and other neurodegenerative diseases (n = 69) as well as healthy participants (n = 44). The p-tau T217 assay (cutoff 242 pg/mL) identified patients with AD with accuracy of 90%, with 78% positive predictive value (PPV), 97% negative predictive value (NPV), 93% sensitivity, and 88% specificity, compared favorably with p-tau T181 ELISA (52 pg/mL), showing 78% accuracy, 58% PPV, 98% NPV, 71% specificity, and 97% sensitivity. The assay distinguished patients with AD from age-matched healthy controls (cutoff 163 pg/mL, 98% sensitivity, 93% specificity), similarly to p-tau T181 ELISA (cutoff 60 pg/mL, 96% sensitivity, 86% specificity). In patients with AD, we found a strong correlation between p-tau T217 and p-tau T181, total tau and β-amyloid 40, but not β-amyloid 42. This study demonstrates that p-tau T217 displayed better diagnostic accuracy than p-tau T181. The data suggest that the new p-tau T217 assay has potential as an AD diagnostic test in clinical evaluation. This study provides Class III evidence that a CSF immunoassay for p-tau T217 distinguishes patients with AD from patients with other dementias and healthy controls.

Identifiants

pubmed: 32973122
pii: WNL.0000000000010814
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000010814
pmc: PMC7734919
doi:

Substances chimiques

Amyloid beta-Peptides 0
MAPT protein, human 0
Peptide Fragments 0
amyloid beta-protein (1-40) 0
amyloid beta-protein (1-42) 0
tau Proteins 0

Types de publication

Evaluation Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

e3026-e3035

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology.

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Auteurs

Jozef Hanes (J)

From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands.

Andrej Kovac (A)

From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands.

Hlin Kvartsberg (H)

From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands.

Eva Kontsekova (E)

From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands.

Lubica Fialova (L)

From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands.

Stanislav Katina (S)

From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands.

Branislav Kovacech (B)

From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands.

Eva Stevens (E)

From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands.

Jakub Hort (J)

From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands.

Martin Vyhnalek (M)

From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands.

Lynn Boonkamp (L)

From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands.

Michal Novak (M)

From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands.

Henrik Zetterberg (H)

From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands.

Oskar Hansson (O)

From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands.

Philip Scheltens (P)

From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands.

Kaj Blennow (K)

From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands.

Charlotte E Teunissen (CE)

From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands.

Norbert Zilka (N)

From the AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE (J. Hanes, A.K., E.K., L.F., B.K., E.S., N.Z.), Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; AXON Neuroscience CRM Services SE (S.K.), Bratislava, Slovakia; International Clinical Research Centre (J. Hort, M.V.), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology (J. Hort, M.V.), Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory (L.B., C.E.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Axon Neuroscience SE (M.N.), Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; Clinical Memory Research Unit (O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands. zilka@axon-neuroscience.eu.

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