Highly abundant core taxa in the blow within and across captive bottlenose dolphins provide evidence for a temporally stable airway microbiota.
Animals
Animals, Wild
/ classification
Animals, Zoo
/ classification
Bacteria
/ classification
Bottle-Nosed Dolphin
/ classification
DNA, Bacterial
/ genetics
DNA, Ribosomal
/ genetics
Female
Male
Phylogeny
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
/ genetics
Respiratory System
/ microbiology
Sequence Analysis, DNA
/ methods
Specimen Handling
Antimicrobial treatment
Cetacean
Core microbiota
Dolphin
Respiratory health
Journal
BMC microbiology
ISSN: 1471-2180
Titre abrégé: BMC Microbiol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 100966981
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
09 01 2021
09 01 2021
Historique:
received:
09
03
2020
accepted:
20
12
2020
entrez:
10
1
2021
pubmed:
11
1
2021
medline:
30
10
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
The analysis of blow microbiota has been proposed as a biomarker for respiratory health analysis in cetaceans. Yet, we lack crucial knowledge on the long-term stability of the blow microbiota and its potential changes during disease. Research in humans and mice have provided evidence that respiratory disease is accompanied by a shift in microbial communities of the airways. We investigate here the stability of the community composition of the blow microbiota for 13 captive bottlenose dolphins over eight months including both sick and healthy individuals. We used barcoded tag sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Four of the dolphins experienced distinct medical conditions and received systemic antimicrobial treatment during the study. We showed that each dolphin harboured a unique community of zero-radius operational taxonomic units (zOTUs) that was present throughout the entire sampling period ('intra-core'). Although for most dolphins there was significant variation over time, overall the intra-core accounted for an average of 73% of relative abundance of the blow microbiota. In addition, the dolphins shared between 8 and 66 zOTUs on any of the sampling occasions ('inter-core'), accounting for a relative abundance between 17 and 41% of any dolphin's airway microbiota. The majority of the intra-core and all of the inter-core zOTUs in this study are commonly found in captive and free-ranging dolphins and have previously been reported from several different body sites. While we did not find a clear effect of microbial treatment on blow microbiota, age and sex of the dolphins did have such an effect. The airways of dolphins were colonized by an individual intra-core 'signature' that varied in abundance relative to more temporary bacteria. We speculate that the intra-core bacteria interact with the immune response of the respiratory tract and support its function. This study provides the first evidence of individual-specific airway microbiota in cetaceans that is stable over eight months.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
The analysis of blow microbiota has been proposed as a biomarker for respiratory health analysis in cetaceans. Yet, we lack crucial knowledge on the long-term stability of the blow microbiota and its potential changes during disease. Research in humans and mice have provided evidence that respiratory disease is accompanied by a shift in microbial communities of the airways. We investigate here the stability of the community composition of the blow microbiota for 13 captive bottlenose dolphins over eight months including both sick and healthy individuals. We used barcoded tag sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Four of the dolphins experienced distinct medical conditions and received systemic antimicrobial treatment during the study.
RESULTS
We showed that each dolphin harboured a unique community of zero-radius operational taxonomic units (zOTUs) that was present throughout the entire sampling period ('intra-core'). Although for most dolphins there was significant variation over time, overall the intra-core accounted for an average of 73% of relative abundance of the blow microbiota. In addition, the dolphins shared between 8 and 66 zOTUs on any of the sampling occasions ('inter-core'), accounting for a relative abundance between 17 and 41% of any dolphin's airway microbiota. The majority of the intra-core and all of the inter-core zOTUs in this study are commonly found in captive and free-ranging dolphins and have previously been reported from several different body sites. While we did not find a clear effect of microbial treatment on blow microbiota, age and sex of the dolphins did have such an effect.
CONCLUSIONS
The airways of dolphins were colonized by an individual intra-core 'signature' that varied in abundance relative to more temporary bacteria. We speculate that the intra-core bacteria interact with the immune response of the respiratory tract and support its function. This study provides the first evidence of individual-specific airway microbiota in cetaceans that is stable over eight months.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33421992
doi: 10.1186/s12866-020-02076-z
pii: 10.1186/s12866-020-02076-z
pmc: PMC7796641
doi:
Substances chimiques
DNA, Bacterial
0
DNA, Ribosomal
0
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
0
Types de publication
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
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