Gender disparities in Ecuador: a survey study of the under-representation of women in surgery.
Discrimination
Gender equality
Global surgery
Women in surgery
Journal
Updates in surgery
ISSN: 2038-3312
Titre abrégé: Updates Surg
Pays: Italy
ID NLM: 101539818
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Oct 2021
Oct 2021
Historique:
received:
14
06
2020
accepted:
27
12
2020
pubmed:
20
1
2021
medline:
16
10
2021
entrez:
19
1
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The aim of this study is to describe the state of gender representation in surgery across Ecuador. A survey of female surgeons in Ecuador was conducted, collecting information regarding demographics, academics, family and relationships, sexual harassment, discrimination and gender preference of one's own surgeon. All statistical analysis was conducted with IBM-SPSS version 25. The platform, Worlde, was used for discourse analysis. Of the 144 female surgeons who received the survey, 105 responded. Almost half of respondents had a higher degree in addition to their surgical training. Leadership positions in the workplace were reported to be held by males in 66.7% of cases. Relationship problems caused by the surgical profession were reported by 72.4% of respondents. Feelings of guilt for not dedicating enough time to family were reported by 72.4%, and a feeling of not being supported by their partner was reported by 31.4% of respondents. Sexual harassment was described by 55.2%, and discrimination by 48.6% of the female surgeons in our sample. The majority (89.5%) would choose surgery again if given the opportunity. Significant gender disparities remain within the surgical community in Ecuador.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33464475
doi: 10.1007/s13304-020-00964-7
pii: 10.1007/s13304-020-00964-7
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2009-2015Informations de copyright
© 2021. Italian Society of Surgery (SIC).
Références
Hesse AA (2017) Women in Surgery. J West Afr Coll Surg 7(4):10–14
Mouly F, Bormes G. The New Yorker Cover That's Being Replicated By Women Surgeon's Around the World. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/the-new-yorker-cover-thats-being-replicated-by-women-surgeons-across-the-world . Accessed 2 Jan 2020
Makama JG, Garba ES, Ameh EA (2012) Under representation of women in surgery in Nigeria: by choice or by design? Oman Med J 27(1):66–69
doi: 10.5001/omj.2012.15
Mizgala CL, Mackinnon SE, Walters BC, Ferris LE, McNeill IY, Knighton T (1993) Women surgeons. Results of the Canadian population study. Ann Surg 218(1):37–46
doi: 10.1097/00000658-199307000-00007
Buyske J (2005) Women in surgery: the same, yet different. Arch Surg 140(3):241–244
doi: 10.1001/archsurg.140.3.241
Bernardi K, Lyons NB, Huang L, Holihan JL, Olavarria OA, Loor MM et al (2019) Gender disparity among surgical peer-reviewed literature. J Surg Res 248:117–122
doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.11.007
Abelson JS, Chartrand G, Moo TA, Moore M, Yeo H (2016) The climb to break the glass ceiling in surgery: trends in women progressing from medical school to surgical training and academic leadership from 1994 to 2015. Am J Surg 212(4):566–72.e1
doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2016.06.012
Frank E, Brownstein M, Ephgrave K, Neumayer L (1998) Characteristics of women surgeons in the United States. Am J Surg 176(3):244–250
doi: 10.1016/S0002-9610(98)00152-4
Casado-Mejía R, Botello-Hermosa A (2015) Representation of women in health-related scientific societies in Spain in 2014. Gac Sanit 29(3):209–212
doi: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2014.09.010
Osorio Abarzúa CG (2019) Las primeras médicas de Chile y Latinoamérica: Eloísa Díaz Insunza y Ernestina Pérez Barahona. Revista médica de Chile 147:3
doi: 10.4067/S0034-98872019000300367
WMA Statement on Gender Equality in Medicine. World Medical Association. https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-statement-on-gender-equality-in-medicine/ . Accessed 15 Jan 2020
Boyle P. More women than men are enrolled in medical school. American Association of Medical Colleges. https://www.aamc.org/news-insights/more-women-men-are-enrolled-medical-school . Accessed 21 Jan 2020
Espinoza GR, Onetto CC, Lombardi AJ, Espinoza GJ (2012) La incorporación de la mujer en la cirugía chilena. Revista Chilena Cirugia 4(5):487–491
doi: 10.4067/S0718-40262012000500015
Altuna IFM (2006) El lugar de la mujer en la cirugía Argentina. Revista Argentina de Cirugia 91:215–225
Bedoya Vaca RdC (2015) Feminización de la Profesión Médica e Inserción Laboral Pública en Ecuador. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Klifto KM, Payne RM, Siotos C, Lifchez SD, Cooney DS, Broderick KP et al (2020) Women continue to be underrepresented in surgery: a study of AMA and ACGME data from 2000 to 2016. J Surg Educ 77(22):362–368
doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2019.10.001
de Costa J, Chen-Xu JB, Bentounsi Z, Vervoort D (2018) Women in surgery: challenges and opportunities. Int J Surg Global Health 1(1):e02
doi: 10.1097/GH9.0000000000000002
Estadistícas Personal de Salud. Agencia de Aseguramiento de la Calidad de los Servicios de Salud y Medicina Prepagada. http://www.calidadsalud.gob.ec/acess-app-servicio-ciudadano/public/estadistica/personalSalud.jsf . Accessed 1 July 2019
McLemore EC, Ramamoorthy S, Peterson CY, Bass BL (2012) Women in surgery: bright, sharp, brave, and temperate. Perm J 16(3):54–59
pubmed: 23012600
pmcid: 3442763
Mueller C, Wright R, Girod S (2017) The publication gender gap in US academic surgery. BMC Surg 17(1):16
doi: 10.1186/s12893-017-0211-4
Sonnad SS, Colletti LM (2002) Issues in the recruitment and success of women in academic surgery. Surgery 132(2):415–419
doi: 10.1067/msy.2002.127694
Wallis CJ, Ravi B, Coburn N, Nam RK, Detsky AS, Satkunasivam R (2017) Comparison of postoperative outcomes among patients treated by male and female surgeons: a population based matched cohort study. BMJ 359:j4366
doi: 10.1136/bmj.j4366
Dusch MN, Braun HJ, O’Sullivan PS, Ascher NL (2014) Perceptions of surgeons: what characteristics do women surgeons prefer in a colleague? Am J Surg 208(4):601–604
doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2014.06.005
Peters K, Ryan M (2014) Machismo in surgery is harming the specialty. BMJ Careers 348:g3034
doi: 10.1136/bmj.g3034
Wirtzfeld DA (2009) The history of women in surgery. Can J Surg 52(4):317–320
pubmed: 19680519
pmcid: 2724816
Healy NA, Cantillon P, Malone C, Kerin MJ (2012) Role models and mentors in surgery. Am J Surg 204(2):256–261
doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2011.09.031
Catterberg G. El quirófano sigue siendo cosa de hombres Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarollo (PNUD) 2018 [Available from: https://www.ar.undp.org/content/argentina/es/home/blog/2018/QuirofanoCosadeHombres.html
Zhuge Y, Kaufman J, Simeone DM, Chen H, Velazquez OC (2011) Is there still a glass ceiling for women in academic surgery? Ann Surg 253(4):637–643
doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3182111120
Longo P, Straehley CJ (2008) Whack! I’ve hit the glass ceiling! Women’s efforts to gain status in surgery. Gend Med 5(1):88–100
doi: 10.1016/S1550-8579(08)80011-3