Growth Hormone and Neuronal Hemoglobin in the Brain-Roles in Neuroprotection and Neurodegenerative Diseases.
anemia
erythropoietin
growth hormone
hemoglobin
insulin-like growth factor I
ischemia
neurodegenerative diseases
stroke
Journal
Frontiers in endocrinology
ISSN: 1664-2392
Titre abrégé: Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101555782
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2020
2020
Historique:
received:
14
09
2020
accepted:
23
11
2020
entrez:
25
1
2021
pubmed:
26
1
2021
medline:
26
5
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
In recent years, evidence for hemoglobin (Hb) synthesis in both animal and human brains has been accumulating. While circulating Hb originating from cerebral hemorrhage or other conditions is toxic, there is also substantial production of neuronal Hb, which is influenced by conditions such as ischemia and regulated by growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and other growth factors. In this review, we discuss the possible functions of circulating and brain Hb, mainly the neuronal form, with respect to the neuroprotective activities of GH and IGF-I against ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases. The molecular pathways that link Hb to the GH/IGF-I system are also reviewed, although the limited number of reports on this topic suggests a need for further studies. In summary, GH and/or IGF-I appear to be significant determinants of systemic and local brain Hb concentrations through mediating responses to oxygen and metabolic demand, as part of the neuroprotective effects exerted by GH and IGF-I. The nature and quantity of the latter deserve further exploration in specific experiments.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33488521
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.606089
pmc: PMC7821093
doi:
Substances chimiques
Hemoglobins
0
Neuroprotective Agents
0
Human Growth Hormone
12629-01-5
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
67763-96-6
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
606089Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 Walser, Svensson, Karlsson, Motalleb, Åberg, Kuhn, Isgaard and Åberg.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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