[Comprehensive genomic profiling in large cell neuroendocrine lung cancer: the times they are a-changin'.]

The discovery of gene driver mutations and the increase of next-generation sequencing techniques have radically changed the natural history of NSCLCs. Neuroendocrine lung cancers are a heterogeneous entity whose biology is little known. Sporadic actionable mutations are also reported in this subtype of neoplasms, especially in tumors derived from a transformation of adenocarcinomas. ROS-1 gene rearrangements are found in about 1-2% of lung neoplasms and are characterized by a high sensitivity to specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKis). Here we report the case of a large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma precisely framed and treated thanks to a next-generation genomic approach.