High dispersal capacity of Culicoides obsoletus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), vector of bluetongue and Schmallenberg viruses, revealed by landscape genetic analyses.
Animals
Bluetongue
/ transmission
Bluetongue virus
/ physiology
Bunyaviridae Infections
/ transmission
Cattle
/ parasitology
Ceratopogonidae
/ genetics
Environment
Europe
Feeding Behavior
Female
France
Gene Flow
Genotype
Insect Vectors
/ physiology
Microsatellite Repeats
Orthobunyavirus
/ physiology
Population Dynamics
Seasons
Culicoides obsoletus
Dispersal
Landscape genetics
Microsatellite
Palearctic region
Journal
Parasites & vectors
ISSN: 1756-3305
Titre abrégé: Parasit Vectors
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101462774
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
03 Feb 2021
03 Feb 2021
Historique:
received:
09
09
2020
accepted:
04
12
2020
entrez:
4
2
2021
pubmed:
5
2
2021
medline:
20
8
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
In the last two decades, recurrent epizootics of bluetongue virus and Schmallenberg virus have been reported in the western Palearctic region. These viruses affect domestic cattle, sheep, goats and wild ruminants and are transmitted by native hematophagous midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Culicoides dispersal is known to be stratified, i.e. due to a combination of dispersal processes occurring actively at short distances and passively or semi-actively at long distances, allowing individuals to jump hundreds of kilometers. Here, we aim to identify the environmental factors that promote or limit gene flow of Culicoides obsoletus, an abundant and widespread vector species in Europe, using an innovative framework integrating spatial, population genetics and statistical approaches. A total of 348 individuals were sampled in 46 sites in France and were genotyped using 13 newly designed microsatellite markers. We found low genetic differentiation and a weak population structure for C. obsoletus across the country. Using three complementary inter-individual genetic distances, we did not detect any significant isolation by distance, but did detect significant anisotropic isolation by distance on a north-south axis. We employed a multiple regression on distance matrices approach to investigate the correlation between genetic and environmental distances. Among all the environmental factors that were tested, only cattle density seems to have an impact on C. obsoletus gene flow. The high dispersal capacity of C. obsoletus over land found in the present study calls for a re-evaluation of the impact of Culicoides on virus dispersal, and highlights the urgent need to better integrate molecular, spatial and statistical information to guide vector-borne disease control.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
In the last two decades, recurrent epizootics of bluetongue virus and Schmallenberg virus have been reported in the western Palearctic region. These viruses affect domestic cattle, sheep, goats and wild ruminants and are transmitted by native hematophagous midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Culicoides dispersal is known to be stratified, i.e. due to a combination of dispersal processes occurring actively at short distances and passively or semi-actively at long distances, allowing individuals to jump hundreds of kilometers.
METHODS
METHODS
Here, we aim to identify the environmental factors that promote or limit gene flow of Culicoides obsoletus, an abundant and widespread vector species in Europe, using an innovative framework integrating spatial, population genetics and statistical approaches. A total of 348 individuals were sampled in 46 sites in France and were genotyped using 13 newly designed microsatellite markers.
RESULTS
RESULTS
We found low genetic differentiation and a weak population structure for C. obsoletus across the country. Using three complementary inter-individual genetic distances, we did not detect any significant isolation by distance, but did detect significant anisotropic isolation by distance on a north-south axis. We employed a multiple regression on distance matrices approach to investigate the correlation between genetic and environmental distances. Among all the environmental factors that were tested, only cattle density seems to have an impact on C. obsoletus gene flow.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
The high dispersal capacity of C. obsoletus over land found in the present study calls for a re-evaluation of the impact of Culicoides on virus dispersal, and highlights the urgent need to better integrate molecular, spatial and statistical information to guide vector-borne disease control.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33536057
doi: 10.1186/s13071-020-04522-3
pii: 10.1186/s13071-020-04522-3
pmc: PMC7860033
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
93Subventions
Organisme : Horizon 2020 PALE-Blu
ID : H2020-72739
Organisme : European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
ID : OC/EFSA/AHAW/2013/02-FWC1
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