Targeted genome editing of plants and plant cells for biomanufacturing.
Chassis
Metabolic optimization
Modified glycosylation
Plant molecular farming
Programmable growth and senescence
Protease inactivation
Journal
Transgenic research
ISSN: 1573-9368
Titre abrégé: Transgenic Res
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 9209120
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
08 2021
08 2021
Historique:
received:
02
10
2020
accepted:
03
02
2021
pubmed:
2
3
2021
medline:
5
1
2022
entrez:
1
3
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Plants have provided humans with useful products since antiquity, but in the last 30 years they have also been developed as production platforms for small molecules and recombinant proteins. This initially niche area has blossomed with the growth of the global bioeconomy, and now includes chemical building blocks, polymers and renewable energy. All these applications can be described as "plant molecular farming" (PMF). Despite its potential to increase the sustainability of biologics manufacturing, PMF has yet to be embraced broadly by industry. This reflects a combination of regulatory uncertainty, limited information on process cost structures, and the absence of trained staff and suitable manufacturing capacity. However, the limited adaptation of plants and plant cells to the requirements of industry-scale manufacturing is an equally important hurdle. For example, the targeted genetic manipulation of yeast has been common practice since the 1980s, whereas reliable site-directed mutagenesis in most plants has only become available with the advent of CRISPR/Cas9 and similar genome editing technologies since around 2010. Here we summarize the applications of new genetic engineering technologies to improve plants as biomanufacturing platforms. We start by identifying current bottlenecks in manufacturing, then illustrate the progress that has already been made and discuss the potential for improvement at the molecular, cellular and organism levels. We discuss the effects of metabolic optimization, adaptation of the endomembrane system, modified glycosylation profiles, programmable growth and senescence, protease inactivation, and the expression of enzymes that promote biodegradation. We outline strategies to achieve these modifications by targeted gene modification, considering case-by-case examples of individual improvements and the combined modifications needed to generate a new general-purpose "chassis" for PMF.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33646510
doi: 10.1007/s11248-021-00236-z
pii: 10.1007/s11248-021-00236-z
pmc: PMC8316201
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
401-426Subventions
Organisme : Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
ID : 125-600164
Organisme : Ministerium für Innovation, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen
ID : 423
Organisme : H2020 European Research Council
ID : 760331
Organisme : Austrian Science Fund
ID : I2823-B25
Informations de copyright
© 2021. The Author(s).
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