Comprehensive Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis for Guiding Therapeutic Decisions in Patients with Rare Cancers.


Journal

Cancer discovery
ISSN: 2159-8290
Titre abrégé: Cancer Discov
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101561693

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
11 2021
Historique:
received: 29 01 2021
revised: 03 05 2021
accepted: 25 05 2021
pubmed: 12 6 2021
medline: 17 3 2022
entrez: 11 6 2021
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

The clinical relevance of comprehensive molecular analysis in rare cancers is not established. We analyzed the molecular profiles and clinical outcomes of 1,310 patients (rare cancers, 75.5%) enrolled in a prospective observational study by the German Cancer Consortium that applies whole-genome/exome and RNA sequencing to inform the care of adults with incurable cancers. On the basis of 472 single and six composite biomarkers, a cross-institutional molecular tumor board provided evidence-based management recommendations, including diagnostic reevaluation, genetic counseling, and experimental treatment, in 88% of cases. Recommended therapies were administered in 362 of 1,138 patients (31.8%) and resulted in significantly improved overall response and disease control rates (23.9% and 55.3%) compared with previous therapies, translating into a progression-free survival ratio >1.3 in 35.7% of patients. These data demonstrate the benefit of molecular stratification in rare cancers and represent a resource that may promote clinical trial access and drug approvals in this underserved patient population. SIGNIFICANCE: Rare cancers are difficult to treat; in particular, molecular pathogenesis-oriented medical therapies are often lacking. This study shows that whole-genome/exome and RNA sequencing enables molecularly informed treatments that lead to clinical benefit in a substantial proportion of patients with advanced rare cancers and paves the way for future clinical trials.

Identifiants

pubmed: 34112699
pii: 2159-8290.CD-21-0126
doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-21-0126
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Observational Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

2780-2795

Commentaires et corrections

Type : CommentIn

Informations de copyright

©2021 American Association for Cancer Research.

Références

Subbiah V, Kurzrock R. Challenging standard-of-care paradigms in the precision oncology era. Trends Cancer. 2018;4:101–9.
Jardim DL, Schwaederle M, Wei C, Lee JJ, Hong DS, Eggermont AM, et al. Impact of a biomarker-based strategy on oncology drug development: a meta-analysis of clinical trials leading to FDA approval. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2015;107:djv253.
Schwaederle M, Zhao M, Lee JJ, Eggermont AM, Schilsky RL, Mendelsohn J, et al. Impact of precision medicine in diverse cancers: a meta-analysis of phase II clinical trials. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:3817–25.
Schwaederle M, Zhao M, Lee JJ, Lazar V, Leyland-Jones B, Schilsky RL, et al. Association of biomarker-based treatment strategies with response rates and progression-free survival in refractory malignant neoplasms: a meta-analysis. JAMA Oncol. 2016;2:1452–9.
Massard C, Michiels S, Ferte C, Le Deley MC, Lacroix L, Hollebecque A, et al. High-throughput genomics and clinical outcome in hard-to-treat advanced cancers: results of the MOSCATO 01 Trial. Cancer Discov. 2017;7:586–95.
Rodon J, Soria JC, Berger R, Miller WH, Rubin E, Kugel A, et al. Genomic and transcriptomic profiling expands precision cancer medicine: the WINTHER trial. Nat Med. 2019;25:751–8.
Sicklick JK, Kato S, Okamura R, Schwaederle M, Hahn ME, Williams CB, et al. Molecular profiling of cancer patients enables personalized combination therapy: the I-PREDICT study. Nat Med. 2019;25:744–50.
van der Velden DL, Hoes LR, van der Wijngaart H, van Berge Henegouwen JM, van Werkhoven E, Roepman P, et al. The Drug Rediscovery protocol facilitates the expanded use of existing anticancer drugs. Nature. 2019;574:127–31.
Tredan O, Wang Q, Pissaloux D, Cassier P, de la Fouchardiere A, Fayette J, et al. Molecular screening program to select molecular-based recommended therapies for metastatic cancer patients: analysis from the ProfiLER trial. Ann Oncol. 2019;30:757–65.
Belin L, Kamal M, Mauborgne C, Plancher C, Mulot F, Delord JP, et al. Randomized phase II trial comparing molecularly targeted therapy based on tumor molecular profiling versus conventional therapy in patients with refractory cancer: cross-over analysis from the SHIVA trial. Ann Oncol. 2017;28:590–6.
Diamond EL, Subbiah V, Lockhart AC, Blay JY, Puzanov I, Chau I, et al. Vemurafenib for BRAF V600-mutant erdheim-chester disease and langerhans cell histiocytosis: analysis of data from the histology-independent, phase 2, open-label VE-BASKET study. JAMA Oncol. 2018;4:384–8.
Hyman DM, Puzanov I, Subbiah V, Faris JE, Chau I, Blay JY, et al. Vemurafenib in multiple nonmelanoma cancers with BRAF V600 mutations. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:726–36.
Kopetz S, Grothey A, Yaeger R, Van Cutsem E, Desai J, Yoshino T, et al. Encorafenib, binimetinib, and cetuximab in BRAF V600E-mutated colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2019;381:1632–43.
Subbiah V, Puzanov I, Blay JY, Chau I, Lockhart AC, Raje NS, et al. Pan-Cancer efficacy of vemurafenib in BRAF (V600)-mutant non-melanoma cancers. Cancer Discov. 2020;10:657–63.
Drilon A, Siena S, Ou SI, Patel M, Ahn MJ, Lee J, et al. Safety and antitumor activity of the multitargeted pan-TRK, ROS1, and ALK inhibitor entrectinib: combined results from two phase I trials (ALKA-372–001 and STARTRK-1). Cancer Discov. 2017;7:400–9.
Hyman DM, Piha-Paul SA, Won H, Rodon J, Saura C, Shapiro GI, et al. HER kinase inhibition in patients with HER2- and HER3-mutant cancers. Nature. 2018;554:189–94.
Flaherty KT, Gray R, Chen A, Li S, Patton D, Hamilton SR, et al. The molecular analysis for therapy choice (NCI-MATCH) trial: lessons for genomic trial design. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2020;112:1021–9.
Ledermann JA. PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer. Ann Oncol. 2016;27:i40–i4.
DeSantis CE, Kramer JL, Jemal A. The burden of rare cancers in the United States. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017;67:261–72.
Gatta G, van der Zwan JM, Casali PG, Siesling S, Dei Tos AP, Kunkler I, et al. Rare cancers are not so rare: the rare cancer burden in Europe. Eur J Cancer. 2011;47:2493–511.
Munoz J, Kurzrock R. Targeted therapy in rare cancers–adopting the orphans. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2012;9:631–42.
Robinson DR, Wu YM, Lonigro RJ, Vats P, Cobain E, Everett J, et al. Integrative clinical genomics of metastatic cancer. Nature. 2017;548:297–303.
Von Hoff DD, Stephenson JJ Jr, Rosen P, Loesch DM, Borad MJ, Anthony S, et al. Pilot study using molecular profiling of patients' tumors to find potential targets and select treatments for their refractory cancers. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28:4877–83.
Dickson D, Johnson J, Bergan R, Owens R, Subbiah V, Kurzrock R. The master observational trial: a new class of master protocol to advance precision medicine. Cell. 2020;180:9–14.
Horak P, Klink B, Heining C, Groschel S, Hutter B, Frohlich M, et al. Precision oncology based on omics data: the NCT Heidelberg experience. Int J Cancer. 2017;141:877–86.
Lier A, Penzel R, Heining C, Horak P, Frohlich M, Uhrig S, et al. Validating comprehensive next-generation sequencing results for precision oncology: the NCT/DKTK molecularly aided stratification for tumor eradication research experience. JCO Precis Oncol. 2018;2:1–13.
Davies H, Glodzik D, Morganella S, Yates LR, Staaf J, Zou X, et al. HRDetect is a predictor of BRCA1 and BRCA2 deficiency based on mutational signatures. Nat Med. 2017;23:517–25.
Abkevich V, Timms KM, Hennessy BT, Potter J, Carey MS, Meyer LA, et al. Patterns of genomic loss of heterozygosity predict homologous recombination repair defects in epithelial ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer. 2012;107:1776–82.
Popova T, Manie E, Rieunier G, Caux-Moncoutier V, Tirapo C, Dubois T, et al. Ploidy and large-scale genomic instability consistently identify basal-like breast carcinomas with BRCA1/2 inactivation. Cancer Res. 2012;72:5454–62.
Birkbak NJ, Wang ZC, Kim JY, Eklund AC, Li Q, Tian R, et al. Telomeric allelic imbalance indicates defective DNA repair and sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents. Cancer Discov. 2012;2:366–75.
Samstein RM, Lee CH, Shoushtari AN, Hellmann MD, Shen R, Janjigian YY, et al. Tumor mutational load predicts survival after immunotherapy across multiple cancer types. Nat Genet. 2019;51:202–6.
Naumann RW, Hollebecque A, Meyer T, Devlin MJ, Oaknin A, Kerger J, et al. Safety and efficacy of nivolumab monotherapy in recurrent or metastatic cervical, vaginal, or vulvar carcinoma: results from the Phase I/II CheckMate 358 Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2019;37:2825–34.
Le DT, Uram JN, Wang H, Bartlett BR, Kemberling H, Eyring AD, et al. PD-1 blockade in tumors with mismatch-repair deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:2509–20.
Davoli T, Uno H, Wooten EC, Elledge SJ. Tumor aneuploidy correlates with markers of immune evasion and with reduced response to immunotherapy. Science. 2017;355:eaaf8399.
Heining C, Horak P, Uhrig S, Codo PL, Klink B, Hutter B, et al. NRG1 fusions in KRAS wild-type pancreatic cancer. Cancer Discov. 2018;8:1087–95.
Haas BJ, Dobin A, Li B, Stransky N, Pochet N, Regev A. Accuracy assessment of fusion transcript detection via read-mapping and de novo fusion transcript assembly-based methods. Genome Biol. 2019;20:213.
Weinberg F, Griffin R, Frohlich M, Heining C, Braun S, Spohr C, et al. Identification and characterization of a BRAF fusion oncoprotein with retained autoinhibitory domains. Oncogene. 2020;39:814–32.
Leichsenring J, Horak P, Kreutzfeldt S, Heining C, Christopoulos P, Volckmar AL, et al. Variant classification in precision oncology. Int J Cancer. 2019;145:2996–3010.
Mateo J, Chakravarty D, Dienstmann R, Jezdic S, Gonzalez-Perez A, Lopez-Bigas N, et al. A framework to rank genomic alterations as targets for cancer precision medicine: the ESMO Scale for Clinical Actionability of molecular Targets (ESCAT). Ann Oncol. 2018;29:1895–902.
Mock A, Heilig CE, Kreutzfeldt S, Huebschmann D, Heining C, Schrock E, et al. Community-driven development of a modified progression-free survival ratio for precision oncology. ESMO Open. 2019;4:e000583.
Tamborero D, Dienstmann R, Rachid MH, Boekel J, Baird R, Brana I, et al. Support systems to guide clinical decision-making in precision oncology: The Cancer Core Europe Molecular Tumor Board Portal. Nat Med. 2020;26:992–4.
Alvarez MJ, Shen Y, Giorgi FM, Lachmann A, Ding BB, Ye BH, et al. Functional characterization of somatic mutations in cancer using network-based inference of protein activity. Nat Genet. 2016;48:838–47.
Alvarez MJ, Subramaniam PS, Tang LH, Grunn A, Aburi M, Rieckhof G, et al. A precision oncology approach to the pharmacological targeting of mechanistic dependencies in neuroendocrine tumors. Nat Genet. 2018;50:979–89.
Schubert M, Klinger B, Klunemann M, Sieber A, Uhlitz F, Sauer S, et al. Perturbation-response genes reveal signaling footprints in cancer gene expression. Nat Commun. 2018;9:20.
Dempster JM, Krill-Burger JM, McFarland JM, Warren A, Boehm JS, Vazquez F, et al. Gene expression has more power for predictingin vitro cancer cell vulnerabilities than genomics. bioRxiv. 2020.
Paull EO, Aytes A, Jones SJ, Subramaniam PS, Giorgi FM, Douglass EF, et al. A modular master regulator landscape controls cancer transcriptional identity. Cell. 2021;184:334–51.
Pilie PG, Gay CM, Byers LA, O'Connor MJ, Yap TA. PARP inhibitors: extending benefit beyond BRCA-mutant cancers. Clin Cancer Res. 2019;25:3759–71.
Conway JR, Kofman E, Mo SS, Elmarakeby H, Van Allen E. Genomics of response to immune checkpoint therapies for cancer: implications for precision medicine. Genome Med. 2018;10:93.
Ribas A, Wolchok JD. Cancer immunotherapy using checkpoint blockade. Science. 2018;359:1350–5.
Li MM, Datto M, Duncavage EJ, Kulkarni S, Lindeman NI, Roy S, et al. Standards and guidelines for the interpretation and reporting of sequence variants in cancer: A Joint Consensus Recommendation of the Association for Molecular Pathology, American Society of Clinical Oncology, and College of American Pathologists. J Mol Diagn. 2017;19:4–23.

Auteurs

Peter Horak (P)

Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.

Christoph Heining (C)

Department of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Dresden and DKFZ, Dresden, Germany.
Center for Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
DKTK, Dresden, Germany.

Simon Kreutzfeldt (S)

Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.

Barbara Hutter (B)

Computational Oncology Group, Molecular Diagnostics Program, NCT Heidelberg and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.
Division of Applied Bioinformatics, DKFZ, Heidelberg.

Andreas Mock (A)

Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
Department of Medical Oncology, NCT Heidelberg and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.

Jennifer Hüllein (J)

Computational Oncology Group, Molecular Diagnostics Program, NCT Heidelberg and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.

Martina Fröhlich (M)

Computational Oncology Group, Molecular Diagnostics Program, NCT Heidelberg and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.
Division of Applied Bioinformatics, DKFZ, Heidelberg.

Sebastian Uhrig (S)

Computational Oncology Group, Molecular Diagnostics Program, NCT Heidelberg and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.
Division of Applied Bioinformatics, DKFZ, Heidelberg.

Arne Jahn (A)

Center for Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
DKTK, Dresden, Germany.
Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

Andreas Rump (A)

Center for Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
DKTK, Dresden, Germany.
Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

Laura Gieldon (L)

Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.

Lino Möhrmann (L)

Department of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Dresden and DKFZ, Dresden, Germany.
Center for Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
DKTK, Dresden, Germany.

Dorothea Hanf (D)

Department of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Dresden and DKFZ, Dresden, Germany.
Center for Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
DKTK, Dresden, Germany.

Veronica Teleanu (V)

Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.

Christoph E Heilig (CE)

Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.

Daniel B Lipka (DB)

Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.

Michael Allgäuer (M)

Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.

Leo Ruhnke (L)

Department of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Dresden and DKFZ, Dresden, Germany.
Center for Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
DKTK, Dresden, Germany.

Andreas Laßmann (A)

Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.

Volker Endris (V)

Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.

Olaf Neumann (O)

Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.

Roland Penzel (R)

Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.

Katja Beck (K)

Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.

Daniela Richter (D)

Department of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Dresden and DKFZ, Dresden, Germany.
Center for Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
DKTK, Dresden, Germany.

Ulrike Winter (U)

Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.

Stephan Wolf (S)

German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
High-Throughput Sequencing Unit, Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.

Katrin Pfütze (K)

German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
Sample Processing Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Program, NCT Heidelberg and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.

Christina Geörg (C)

German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
Sample Processing Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Program, NCT Heidelberg and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.

Bettina Meißburger (B)

German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
Sample Processing Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Program, NCT Heidelberg and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.

Ivo Buchhalter (I)

Omics IT and Data Management Core Facility, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.

Marinela Augustin (M)

Department of Hematology and Oncology, Klinikum Nuremberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany.

Walter E Aulitzky (WE)

Department of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Robert Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany.

Peter Hohenberger (P)

Sarcoma Unit, Interdisciplinary Tumor Center Mannheim, Mannheim University Medical Center, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Department of Surgery, Mannheim University Medical Center, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

Matthias Kroiss (M)

Department of Medicine I, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany.
Comprehensive Cancer Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.

Peter Schirmacher (P)

German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.

Richard F Schlenk (RF)

German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
Department of Medical Oncology, NCT Heidelberg and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
NCT Trial Center, NCT Heidelberg and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.

Ulrich Keilholz (U)

Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
DKTK, Berlin, Germany.

Frederick Klauschen (F)

DKTK, Berlin, Germany.
Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.

Gunnar Folprecht (G)

DKTK, Dresden, Germany.
Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

Sebastian Bauer (S)

Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
DKTK, Essen, Germany.

Jens Thomas Siveke (JT)

DKTK, Essen, Germany.
Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, DKTK, Essen, and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.

Christian H Brandts (CH)

University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Frankfurt, Germany.
DKTK, Frankfurt, Germany.

Thomas Kindler (T)

UCT Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Department of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.
DKTK, Mainz, Germany.

Melanie Boerries (M)

Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
DKTK, Freiburg, Germany.

Anna L Illert (AL)

Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
DKTK, Freiburg, Germany.
Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

Nikolas von Bubnoff (N)

Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.

Philipp J Jost (PJ)

Department of Hematology and Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
DKTK, Munich, Germany.

Karsten Spiekermann (K)

DKTK, Munich, Germany.
Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.

Michael Bitzer (M)

Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
DKTK, Tübingen, Germany.

Klaus Schulze-Osthoff (K)

DKTK, Tübingen, Germany.
Department of Molecular Medicine, Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.

Christof von Kalle (C)

Clinical Study Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.

Barbara Klink (B)

Center for Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
DKTK, Dresden, Germany.
Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
National Center of Genetics, Laboratoire National de Santé, Dudelange, Luxembourg.
Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.

Benedikt Brors (B)

German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
Division of Applied Bioinformatics, DKFZ, Heidelberg.

Albrecht Stenzinger (A)

German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.

Evelin Schröck (E)

Center for Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
DKTK, Dresden, Germany.
Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

Daniel Hübschmann (D)

German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
Computational Oncology Group, Molecular Diagnostics Program, NCT Heidelberg and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.
Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany.

Wilko Weichert (W)

DKTK, Munich, Germany.
Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.

Hanno Glimm (H)

Department of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Dresden and DKFZ, Dresden, Germany. stefan.froehling@nct-heidelberg.de hanno.glimm@nct-dresden.de.
Center for Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
DKTK, Dresden, Germany.

Stefan Fröhling (S)

Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. stefan.froehling@nct-heidelberg.de hanno.glimm@nct-dresden.de.
German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.

Articles similaires

[Redispensing of expensive oral anticancer medicines: a practical application].

Lisanne N van Merendonk, Kübra Akgöl, Bastiaan Nuijen
1.00
Humans Antineoplastic Agents Administration, Oral Drug Costs Counterfeit Drugs

Smoking Cessation and Incident Cardiovascular Disease.

Jun Hwan Cho, Seung Yong Shin, Hoseob Kim et al.
1.00
Humans Male Smoking Cessation Cardiovascular Diseases Female
Humans United States Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Medicare Part C
1.00
Humans Yoga Low Back Pain Female Male

Classifications MeSH