Dietary carbohydrates and fats in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Ceramides
/ biosynthesis
Dietary Carbohydrates
/ metabolism
Dietary Fats
/ metabolism
Dietary Fats, Unsaturated
/ metabolism
Dietary Sugars
/ metabolism
Fructose
/ metabolism
Glucose
/ metabolism
Humans
Insulin Resistance
Liver
/ metabolism
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
/ diet therapy
Triglycerides
/ metabolism
Journal
Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology
ISSN: 1759-5053
Titre abrégé: Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101500079
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
11 2021
11 2021
Historique:
accepted:
14
05
2021
pubmed:
15
7
2021
medline:
23
11
2021
entrez:
14
7
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has dramatically increased in parallel with the epidemic of obesity. Controversy has emerged around dietary guidelines recommending low-fat-high-carbohydrate diets and the roles of dietary macronutrients in the pathogenesis of metabolic disease. In this Review, the topical questions of whether and how dietary fats and carbohydrates, including free sugars, differentially influence the accumulation of liver fat (specifically, intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) content) are addressed. Focusing on evidence from humans, we examine data from stable isotope studies elucidating how macronutrients regulate IHTG synthesis and disposal, alter pools of bioactive lipids and influence insulin sensitivity. In addition, we review cross-sectional studies on dietary habits of patients with NAFLD and randomized controlled trials on the effects of altering dietary macronutrients on IHTG. Perhaps surprisingly, evidence to date shows no differential effects between free sugars, with both glucose and fructose increasing IHTG in the context of excess energy. Moreover, saturated fat raises IHTG more than polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fats, with adverse effects on insulin sensitivity, which are probably mediated in part by increased ceramide synthesis. Taken together, the data support the use of diets that have a reduced content of free sugars, refined carbohydrates and saturated fat in the treatment of NAFLD.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34257427
doi: 10.1038/s41575-021-00472-y
pii: 10.1038/s41575-021-00472-y
doi:
Substances chimiques
Ceramides
0
Dietary Carbohydrates
0
Dietary Fats
0
Dietary Fats, Unsaturated
0
Dietary Sugars
0
Triglycerides
0
Fructose
30237-26-4
Glucose
IY9XDZ35W2
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
770-786Subventions
Organisme : British Heart Foundation
ID : FS/15/56/31645
Pays : United Kingdom
Informations de copyright
© 2021. Springer Nature Limited.
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