Responses of anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge to long-term stress of benzalkonium chlorides: Insights to extracellular polymeric substances and microbial communities.

Quaternary ammonium compounds have gained widespread attention due to their extensive enrichment in waste activated sludge (WAS) and potentially adverse effect to anaerobes. This study selected benzalkonium chlorides (BACs) as model to reveal the responses of anaerobic digestion of WAS to long-term stress of BACs. Results showed that the solubilization enhancement of WAS contributed by BACs was the acceleration of cell lysis, rather than the disruption of extracellular polymeric substances, and the accumulation improvement of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) attributed to hydrolysis improvement and methanogenesis inhibition at either medium -or high level of BACs. In addition, a low level had no significant effect on the production of methane compared to control, with averages of 0.059 and 0.055 m

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Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.