Gut Microbiome and Common Variable Immunodeficiency: Few Certainties and Many Outstanding Questions.
Animals
Antigens, CD19
/ genetics
Biomarkers
Common Variable Immunodeficiency
/ diagnosis
Diet Therapy
Disease Management
Disease Susceptibility
/ immunology
Dysbiosis
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Feedback, Physiological
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
/ immunology
Humans
Immunity, Mucosal
Inflammation
/ diagnosis
Intestinal Mucosa
/ immunology
Neoplasms
/ etiology
Organ Specificity
/ genetics
Risk
common variable immunodeficiency
fecal microbiota transplantation
inflammation
microbiota
mucosal immunology
probiotics
Journal
Frontiers in immunology
ISSN: 1664-3224
Titre abrégé: Front Immunol
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101560960
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2021
2021
Historique:
received:
21
05
2021
accepted:
12
07
2021
entrez:
19
8
2021
pubmed:
20
8
2021
medline:
25
12
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common symptomatic primary antibody immunodeficiency, characterized by reduced serum levels of IgG, IgA, and/or IgM. The vast majority of CVID patients have polygenic inheritance. Immune dysfunction in CVID can frequently involve the gastrointestinal tract and lung. Few studies have started to investigate the gut microbiota profile in CVID patients. Overall, the results suggest that in CVID patients there is a reduction of alpha and beta diversity compared to controls. In addition, these patients can exhibit increased plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and markers (sCD14 and sCD25) of systemic immune cell activation. CVID patients with enteropathy exhibit decreased IgA expression in duodenal tissue. Mouse models for CVID unsatisfactorily recapitulate the polygenic causes of human CVID. The molecular pathways by which gut microbiota contribute to systemic inflammation and possibly tumorigenesis in CVID patients remain poorly understood. Several fundamental questions concerning the relationships between gut microbiota and the development of chronic inflammatory conditions, autoimmune disorders or cancer in CVID patients remain unanswered. Moreover, it is unknown whether it is possible to modify the microbiome and the outcome of CVID patients through specific therapeutic interventions.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34408753
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.712915
pmc: PMC8366412
doi:
Substances chimiques
Antigens, CD19
0
Biomarkers
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
712915Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 Varricchi, Poto, Ianiro, Punziano, Marone, Gasbarrini and Spadaro.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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