Technical note: Providing proton fields down to the few-MeV level at clinical pencil beam scanning facilities for radiobiological experiments.

The adequate performance of radiobiological experiments using clinical proton beams typically requires substantial preparations to provide the appropriate setup for specific experiments. Providing radiobiologically interesting low-energy protons is a particular challenge, due to various physical effects that become more pronounced with larger absorber thickness and smaller proton energy. This work demonstrates the generation of decelerated low-energy protons from a clinical proton beam. Monte Carlo simulations of proton energy spectra were performed for energy absorbers with varying thicknesses to reduce the energy of the clinical proton beam down to the few-MeV level corresponding to The resulting energy spectra from Monte Carlo simulations indicate an optimal absorber thickness for providing low-energy protons with maximum efficiency of proton fluence at an user-requested energy range for experiments. For instance, providing energies lower than 5 MeV, an energy spectrum with a relative total efficiency of This work provides a method for generating all clinically and radiobiologically relevant energies - especially down to the few-MeV level - at one clinical facility with pencil beam scanning. Thereby, it enables radiobiological experiments under environmentally uniform conditions.

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