Bacteremia with Carbapenemase-Producing

We aimed to analyze rates and risk factors for carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) bloodstream infection (BSI) in CPE-colonized patients with malignancies or following hematopoietic cell transplantation. We retrospectively collected data on demography, underlying disease, colonizing CPE, treatment, intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization, CPE-BSI, and mortality in CPE-colonized immunocompromised patients (2014-2020). Two hundred twenty-one patients were colonized with 272 CPE: 254 (93.4%) carried one carbapenemase [KPC (50.4%), NDM (34.6%), OXA-48-like (5.2%), and VIM (3.3%)]; 18 (6.6%) carried two carbapenemases. Twenty-eight (12.7%) patients developed CPE-BSI. Univariate analysis revealed CPE-BSI-associated factors: younger age, carbapenem or aminoglycoside exposure, ICU admission, neutropenia, carrying serine carbapenemase-producing, and specifically KPC-producing bacteria, colonization with several CPE, and detection of several carbapenemases. None of 23 auto-HSCT recipients developed CPE-BSI. In multivariate analysis, ICU hospitalization was significantly associated with CPE-BSI (odds ratio [OR] 2.82, 95% CI 1.10-7.20;