Standard Genetic Code vs. Supersymmetry Genetic Code - Alphabetical table vs. physicochemical table.

Genetic code symmetries Mitochondrial genetic code Natural amino acids Nuclear genetic code Purine Pyrimidine symmetry Standard genetic code

Journal

Bio Systems
ISSN: 1872-8324
Titre abrégé: Biosystems
Pays: Ireland
ID NLM: 0430773

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
Aug 2022
Historique:
received: 07 10 2021
revised: 02 05 2022
accepted: 09 05 2022
pubmed: 18 5 2022
medline: 18 6 2022
entrez: 17 5 2022
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

The fundamental role of symmetry in the genetic code is to decrease disorder between codons and to preserve the integrity of system. The Standard Genetic Code (SGC) table is structured alphabetically in a horizontal and vertical array of U-C-A-G bases only with aesthetic symmetry. We postulate "the symmetry theory of genetic code" which is based on the unique physicochemical purine - pyrimidine symmetry net between codons of our Supersymmetry genetic code (SSyGC) table. The common purine - pyrimidine symmetry net as "the golden rule" and a core of the SSyGC table is universal, remaining unchanged during all of evolution. It is identical for more than 30 known genetic codes including those that will be discovered in the future, as well as for all RNA and DNA species. The unique SSyGC table has five physicochemical symmetries between bases, codons, and amino acids: 1) purine - pyrimidine symmetry on the principle of the Watson - Crick pairing (A↔U, C↔G), 2) direct - complement symmetry between codons, 3) mirror symmetry between bases and codons, 4) A + T rich and C + G rich symmetry between codons, and 5) symmetry between position of amino acids. Opposite to the SGC table where the third base is inactive, in the SSyGC table the role of the third base in codons is dominant in creation of symmetries. There are also present for the first time the symmetric positions of all boxes with amino acids. Opposite of the SGC table, the SSyGC code table contains three sextets for Serine, Arginine, and Leucine, each with six codons, positioned in continuity. Multi - facet symmetries of the SSyGC table as a natural law exclude the individual random creation of amino acids even in primitive life form. Accordingly, we hypothesize that the contemporary life arose due to common activity of all natural amino acids. With discovery of the unique physicochemical Supersymmetry genetic code table, the new light is shed on the symmetry of the genetic code.

Identifiants

pubmed: 35580818
pii: S0303-2647(22)00082-X
doi: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2022.104695
pii:
doi:

Substances chimiques

Amino Acids 0
Codon 0
Purines 0
Pyrimidines 0

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

104695

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Auteurs

Marija Rosandić (M)

University Hospital Centre Zagreb (ret.), Zagreb, Croatia; Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia. Electronic address: rosandic@hazu.hr.

Vladimir Paar (V)

Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Croatia.

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Classifications MeSH