The terminal enzymatic step in piperine biosynthesis is co-localized with the product piperine in specialized cells of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.).
Piper nigrum
alkaloid
enzyme purification
fluorescence microscopy
laser microdissection
piperine
specialized metabolism
Journal
The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology
ISSN: 1365-313X
Titre abrégé: Plant J
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9207397
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
08 2022
08 2022
Historique:
revised:
18
05
2022
received:
15
03
2022
accepted:
26
05
2022
pubmed:
1
6
2022
medline:
30
7
2022
entrez:
31
5
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Piperine (1-piperoyl piperidine) is responsible for the pungent perception of dried black pepper (Piper nigrum) fruits and essentially contributes to the aromatic properties of this spice in combination with a blend of terpenoids. The final step in piperine biosynthesis involves piperine synthase (PS), which catalyzes the reaction of piperoyl CoA and piperidine to the biologically active and pungent amide. Nevertheless, experimental data on the cellular localization of piperine and the complete biosynthetic pathway are missing. Not only co-localization of enzymes and products, but also potential transport of piperamides to the sink organs is a possible alternative. This work, which includes purification of the native enzyme, immunolocalization, laser microdissection, fluorescence microscopy, and electron microscopy combined with liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS), provides experimental evidence that piperine and PS are co-localized in specialized cells of the black pepper fruit perisperm. PS accumulates during early stages of fruit development and its level declines before the fruits are fully mature. The product piperine is co-localized to PS and can be monitored at the cellular level by its strong bluish fluorescence. Rising piperine levels during fruit maturation are consistent with the increasing numbers of fluorescent cells within the perisperm. Signal intensities of individual laser-dissected cells when monitored by LC-ESI-MS/MS indicate molar concentrations of this alkaloid. Significant levels of piperine and additional piperamides were also detected in cells distributed in the cortex of black pepper roots. In summary, the data provide comprehensive experimental evidence of and insights into cell-specific biosynthesis and storage of piperidine alkaloids, specific and characteristic for the Piperaceae. By a combination of fluorescence microscopy and LC-MS/MS analysis we localized the major piperidine alkaloids to specific cells of the fruit perisperm and the root cortex. Immunolocalization of native piperine and piperamide synthases shows that enzymes are co-localized with high concentrations of products in these idioblasts.
Substances chimiques
Alkaloids
0
Benzodioxoles
0
Piperidines
0
Polyunsaturated Alkamides
0
piperine
U71XL721QK
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
731-747Informations de copyright
© 2022 The Authors. The Plant Journal published by Society for Experimental Biology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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