The Gluopsins: Opsins without the Retinal Binding Lysine.
G-protein-coupled receptor
chemoreceptor
data mining
evolution
opsin
photoisomerase
phylogeny
retinal binding site
Journal
Cells
ISSN: 2073-4409
Titre abrégé: Cells
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101600052
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
06 08 2022
06 08 2022
Historique:
received:
09
06
2022
revised:
23
07
2022
accepted:
28
07
2022
entrez:
12
8
2022
pubmed:
13
8
2022
medline:
16
8
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Opsins allow us to see. They are G-protein-coupled receptors and bind as ligand retinal, which is bound covalently to a lysine in the seventh transmembrane domain. This makes opsins light-sensitive. The lysine is so conserved that it is used to define a sequence as an opsin and thus phylogenetic opsin reconstructions discard any sequence without it. However, recently, opsins were found that function not only as photoreceptors but also as chemoreceptors. For chemoreception, the lysine is not needed. Therefore, we wondered: Do opsins exists that have lost this lysine during evolution? To find such opsins, we built an automatic pipeline for reconstructing a large-scale opsin phylogeny. The pipeline compiles and aligns sequences from public sources, reconstructs the phylogeny, prunes rogue sequences, and visualizes the resulting tree. Our final opsin phylogeny is the largest to date with 4956 opsins. Among them is a clade of 33 opsins that have the lysine replaced by glutamic acid. Thus, we call them gluopsins. The gluopsins are mainly dragonfly and butterfly opsins, closely related to the RGR-opsins and the retinochromes. Like those, they have a derived NPxxY motif. However, what their particular function is, remains to be seen.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35954284
pii: cells11152441
doi: 10.3390/cells11152441
pmc: PMC9368030
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Opsins
0
Rod Opsins
0
Lysine
K3Z4F929H6
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
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