Updated Results of the COVID-19 in MS Global Data Sharing Initiative: Anti-CD20 and Other Risk Factors Associated With COVID-19 Severity.

Antigens, CD20 COVID-19 Glatiramer Acetate / therapeutic use Humans Immunosuppressive Agents / therapeutic use Information Dissemination Male Multiple Sclerosis / drug therapy Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive / drug therapy Natalizumab / therapeutic use Risk Factors Rituximab / therapeutic use

Journal

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation
ISSN: 2332-7812
Titre abrégé: Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101636388

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
11 2022
Historique:
received: 04 01 2022
accepted: 27 07 2022
entrez: 29 8 2022
pubmed: 30 8 2022
medline: 1 9 2022
Statut: epublish

Résumé

Certain demographic and clinical characteristics, including the use of some disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), are associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection severity in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Comprehensive exploration of these relationships in large international samples is needed. Clinician-reported demographic/clinical data from 27 countries were aggregated into a data set of 5,648 patients with suspected/confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 severity outcomes (hospitalization, admission to intensive care unit [ICU], requiring artificial ventilation, and death) were assessed using multilevel mixed-effects ordered probit and logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, disability, and MS phenotype. DMTs were individually compared with glatiramer acetate, and anti-CD20 DMTs with pooled other DMTs and with natalizumab. Of 5,648 patients, 922 (16.6%) with suspected and 4,646 (83.4%) with confirmed COVID-19 were included. Male sex, older age, progressive MS, and higher disability were associated with more severe COVID-19. Compared with glatiramer acetate, ocrelizumab and rituximab were associated with higher probabilities of hospitalization (4% [95% CI 1-7] and 7% [95% CI 4-11]), ICU/artificial ventilation (2% [95% CI 0-4] and 4% [95% CI 2-6]), and death (1% [95% CI 0-2] and 2% [95% CI 1-4]) (predicted marginal effects). Untreated patients had 5% (95% CI 2-8), 3% (95% CI 1-5), and 1% (95% CI 0-3) higher probabilities of the 3 respective levels of COVID-19 severity than glatiramer acetate. Compared with pooled other DMTs and with natalizumab, the associations of ocrelizumab and rituximab with COVID-19 severity were also more pronounced. All associations persisted/enhanced on restriction to confirmed COVID-19. Analyzing the largest international real-world data set of people with MS with suspected/confirmed COVID-19 confirms that the use of anti-CD20 medication (both ocrelizumab and rituximab), as well as male sex, older age, progressive MS, and higher disability are associated with more severe course of COVID-19.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Certain demographic and clinical characteristics, including the use of some disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), are associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection severity in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Comprehensive exploration of these relationships in large international samples is needed.
METHODS
Clinician-reported demographic/clinical data from 27 countries were aggregated into a data set of 5,648 patients with suspected/confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 severity outcomes (hospitalization, admission to intensive care unit [ICU], requiring artificial ventilation, and death) were assessed using multilevel mixed-effects ordered probit and logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, disability, and MS phenotype. DMTs were individually compared with glatiramer acetate, and anti-CD20 DMTs with pooled other DMTs and with natalizumab.
RESULTS
Of 5,648 patients, 922 (16.6%) with suspected and 4,646 (83.4%) with confirmed COVID-19 were included. Male sex, older age, progressive MS, and higher disability were associated with more severe COVID-19. Compared with glatiramer acetate, ocrelizumab and rituximab were associated with higher probabilities of hospitalization (4% [95% CI 1-7] and 7% [95% CI 4-11]), ICU/artificial ventilation (2% [95% CI 0-4] and 4% [95% CI 2-6]), and death (1% [95% CI 0-2] and 2% [95% CI 1-4]) (predicted marginal effects). Untreated patients had 5% (95% CI 2-8), 3% (95% CI 1-5), and 1% (95% CI 0-3) higher probabilities of the 3 respective levels of COVID-19 severity than glatiramer acetate. Compared with pooled other DMTs and with natalizumab, the associations of ocrelizumab and rituximab with COVID-19 severity were also more pronounced. All associations persisted/enhanced on restriction to confirmed COVID-19.
DISCUSSION
Analyzing the largest international real-world data set of people with MS with suspected/confirmed COVID-19 confirms that the use of anti-CD20 medication (both ocrelizumab and rituximab), as well as male sex, older age, progressive MS, and higher disability are associated with more severe course of COVID-19.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000200021 PMID: 36038263 PMC: PMC9423711
pubmed: 36038263
pii: 9/6/e200021
doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000200021
pmc: PMC9423711
pii:
doi:

Substances chimiques

Antigens, CD20 0
Immunosuppressive Agents 0
Natalizumab 0
Rituximab 4F4X42SYQ6
Glatiramer Acetate 5M691HL4BO

Types de publication

Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology.

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Auteurs

Steve Simpson-Yap (S)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy. liesbet.peeters@uhasselt.be.

Ashkan Pirmani (A)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Tomas Kalincik (T)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Edward De Brouwer (E)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Lotte Geys (L)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Tina Parciak (T)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Anne Helme (A)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Nick Rijke (N)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Jan A Hillert (JA)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Yves Moreau (Y)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Gilles Edan (G)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Sifat Sharmin (S)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Tim Spelman (T)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Robert McBurney (R)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Hollie Schmidt (H)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Arnfin B Bergmann (AB)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Stefan Braune (S)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Alexander Stahmann (A)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Rod M Middleton (RM)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Amber Salter (A)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Bruce Bebo (B)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Anneke Van der Walt (A)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Helmut Butzkueven (H)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Serkan Ozakbas (S)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Cavit Boz (C)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Rana Karabudak (R)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Raed Alroughani (R)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Juan I Rojas (JI)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Ingrid A van der Mei (IA)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Guilherme Sciascia do Olival (G)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Melinda Magyari (M)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Ricardo N Alonso (RN)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Richard S Nicholas (RS)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Anibal S Chertcoff (AS)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Ana Zabalza de Torres (AZ)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Georgina Arrambide (G)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Nupur Nag (N)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Annabel Descamps (A)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Lars Costers (L)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Ruth Dobson (R)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Aleisha Miller (A)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Paulo Rodrigues (P)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Vesna Prčkovska (V)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Giancarlo Comi (G)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

Liesbet M Peeters (LM)

From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy.

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