Interventions to reduce cadmium exposure in low- and middle-income countries during pregnancy and childhood: A systematic review.
Journal
Journal of global health
ISSN: 2047-2986
Titre abrégé: J Glob Health
Pays: Scotland
ID NLM: 101578780
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
12 Nov 2022
12 Nov 2022
Historique:
entrez:
12
11
2022
pubmed:
13
11
2022
medline:
16
11
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Exposure to the toxic metal cadmium is widespread globally and especially prevalent in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Early life (from pregnancy through childhood) is a vulnerable window for exposure. Therefore, interventions in low- and middle-income countries to prevent or reduce early life exposure to cadmium may be relevant for improving public health. We systematically reviewed five databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Global Health Medicus, Greenfile, and PubMed). A synthesis without meta-analysis (narrative synthesis) was used for data analysis due to the wide heterogeneity of included studies. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed using modified GRADE criteria. 4098 articles were returned by the search and a total of 26 studies from 21 LMICs were included in this review, ranging from policies to clinical treatment, rehabilitation and clean-up methods for agricultural soil, interventions for nutrition and cooking, and anti-pollution strategies at the household level. The interventions targeted children, pregnant and postpartum women, and/or women of childbearing age. While several studies provided some evidence of effectiveness, none appeared to offer a realistic solution for cadmium pollution at scale. Agricultural and food preparation studies were relatively frequent, particularly related to rice. Studies on air filtration during pregnancy indicated some effectiveness in reducing indoor cadmium exposures. Cadmium pollution is a persistent and widespread threat to children's health with few identified solutions. Long-lasting damage to children's health starting in the earliest years should motivate investment in higher-quality interventions, innovations, and further research. PROSPERO (CRD42021235435).
Sections du résumé
Background
UNASSIGNED
Exposure to the toxic metal cadmium is widespread globally and especially prevalent in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Early life (from pregnancy through childhood) is a vulnerable window for exposure. Therefore, interventions in low- and middle-income countries to prevent or reduce early life exposure to cadmium may be relevant for improving public health.
Methods
UNASSIGNED
We systematically reviewed five databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Global Health Medicus, Greenfile, and PubMed). A synthesis without meta-analysis (narrative synthesis) was used for data analysis due to the wide heterogeneity of included studies. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed using modified GRADE criteria.
Results
UNASSIGNED
4098 articles were returned by the search and a total of 26 studies from 21 LMICs were included in this review, ranging from policies to clinical treatment, rehabilitation and clean-up methods for agricultural soil, interventions for nutrition and cooking, and anti-pollution strategies at the household level. The interventions targeted children, pregnant and postpartum women, and/or women of childbearing age. While several studies provided some evidence of effectiveness, none appeared to offer a realistic solution for cadmium pollution at scale. Agricultural and food preparation studies were relatively frequent, particularly related to rice. Studies on air filtration during pregnancy indicated some effectiveness in reducing indoor cadmium exposures.
Conclusions
UNASSIGNED
Cadmium pollution is a persistent and widespread threat to children's health with few identified solutions. Long-lasting damage to children's health starting in the earliest years should motivate investment in higher-quality interventions, innovations, and further research.
Registration
UNASSIGNED
PROSPERO (CRD42021235435).
Identifiants
pubmed: 36370388
doi: 10.7189/jogh.12.04089
pmc: PMC9653536
doi:
Substances chimiques
Cadmium
00BH33GNGH
Types de publication
Systematic Review
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
04089Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2022 by the Journal of Global Health. All rights reserved.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
Disclosure of interest: The authors completed the ICMJE Disclosure of Interest Form (available upon request from the corresponding author) and disclose no relevant interests.
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