Differences in in vivo absorption of flavone glycosides, flavone aglycones and terpene lactones under different dosage forms and physiological conditions.

Ginkgo biloba L. extract (GBE) oral preparations have been used for many years in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and the main active ingredients are flavonoids and terpene lactones. Among them, the oral absorption of the prototype components of flavonoid glycosides into the blood needs to be further clarified, and the differences in the oral absorption of different components in GBE by different dosage forms and physiological conditions are not clear yet. To clarify the oral absorption of the prototype flavonoid glycosides in vivo, and to further explore the differences in the oral absorption of various active compounds under different oral dosage forms and dietary conditions. Firstly, the target compounds were selected based on the characteristic chromatogram of GBE and literature. Then, the content differences of three different oral GBE preparations were studied, and their pharmacokinetics (PK) were compared. Finally, the PK differences of the preparations with better oral absorption under different dietary conditions were studied. Five flavonoid glycosides, three aglycones and four terpene lactones were selected as the research objects. The content determination results of GBE tablets, guttate pills and tinctures showed that the content of several components especially flavonoid glycosides in the tincture was higher than that of the other two preparations. After oral administration of these three preparations, the PK study showed different results from previous studies. The PK behavior of flavonoid glycosides was also determined at the same time as flavonoid glycosides and terpene lactones. and the bioavailability of flavonoid glycosides in the tincture was higher than that of the other two preparations. PK results of fasting and non-fasting showed that taking GBE tincture on an empty stomach increased the absorption of various compounds, especially flavonoid glycosides. However, due to the existence of food residues in the gastrointestinal tract, the oral bioavailability of flavonoid glycosides was significantly improved. This study discussed the differences in the content and oral absorption of active compounds in different oral preparations of GBE, clarified the in vivo absorption of flavonoid glycosides prototype, as well as the influence of diet on the PK of active compounds, which has certain guiding significance for the clinical application of GBE oral preparations.

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Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.