In utero exposure to ADHD medication and long-term offspring outcomes.
Adult
Child, Preschool
Female
Humans
Infant
Pregnancy
Amphetamines
/ adverse effects
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
/ drug therapy
Clonidine
/ adverse effects
Cohort Studies
Denmark
/ epidemiology
Gestational Age
Methylphenidate
/ adverse effects
Modafinil
/ adverse effects
Mothers
/ psychology
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
/ chemically induced
Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
/ chemically induced
Registries
Journal
Molecular psychiatry
ISSN: 1476-5578
Titre abrégé: Mol Psychiatry
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9607835
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
04 2023
04 2023
Historique:
received:
21
10
2022
accepted:
31
01
2023
revised:
25
01
2023
medline:
26
5
2023
pubmed:
10
2
2023
entrez:
9
2
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) medication is increasingly being used during pregnancy. Concerns have been raised as to whether ADHD medication has long-term adverse effects on the offspring. The authors investigated whether in utero exposure to ADHD medication was associated with adverse long-term neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes in offspring. The population-based cohort study in the Danish national registers included 1,068,073 liveborn singletons from 1998 to 2015 followed until any developmental diagnosis, death, emigration, or December 31, 2018. Children of mothers who continued ADHD medication (methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, lisdexamphetamine, modafinil, atomoxetine, clonidine) during pregnancy and children of mothers who discontinued ADHD medication before pregnancy were compared using Cox regression. Main outcomes were neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders, impairments in vision or hearing, epilepsy, seizures, or growth impairment during childhood or adolescence. In total, 898 children were exposed to ADHD medication during pregnancy compared to 1270 children whose mothers discontinued ADHD medication before pregnancy. After adjustment for demographic and psychiatric characteristics of the mother, no increased risk of any offspring developmental disorders was found combined (aHR 0.97, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.17) or for separate subcategories. Similarly, no increased risk was found for any sub-categories of outcomes in the negative control or sibling controlled analyses. Neurodevelopment and growth in offspring do not differ based on antenatal exposure to ADHD medication. These findings provide reassurance for women with ADHD who depend on ADHD medication for daily functioning and who consider continuing medication in pregnancy.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36759544
doi: 10.1038/s41380-023-01992-6
pii: 10.1038/s41380-023-01992-6
doi:
Substances chimiques
Amphetamines
0
Clonidine
MN3L5RMN02
Methylphenidate
207ZZ9QZ49
Modafinil
R3UK8X3U3D
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1739-1746Subventions
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH122869
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
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