Hydrochlorothiazide and Prevention of Kidney-Stone Recurrence.

Humans Hydrochlorothiazide / administration & dosage Kidney / diagnostic imaging Kidney Calculi / diagnostic imaging Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / administration & dosage Recurrence Double-Blind Method Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Diuretics / administration & dosage

Journal

The New England journal of medicine
ISSN: 1533-4406
Titre abrégé: N Engl J Med
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0255562

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
02 03 2023
Historique:
entrez: 1 3 2023
pubmed: 2 3 2023
medline: 4 3 2023
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Nephrolithiasis is one of the most common conditions affecting the kidney and is characterized by a high risk of recurrence. Thiazide diuretic agents are widely used for prevention of the recurrence of kidney stones, but data regarding the efficacy of such agents as compared with placebo are limited. Furthermore, dose-response data are also limited. In this double-blind trial, we randomly assigned patients with recurrent calcium-containing kidney stones to receive hydrochlorothiazide at a dose of 12.5 mg, 25 mg, or 50 mg once daily or placebo once daily. The main objective was to investigate the dose-response effect for the primary end point, a composite of symptomatic or radiologic recurrence of kidney stones. Radiologic recurrence was defined as the appearance of new stones on imaging or the enlargement of preexisting stones that had been observed on the baseline image. Safety was also assessed. In all, 416 patients underwent randomization and were followed for a median of 2.9 years. A primary end-point event occurred in 60 of 102 patients (59%) in the placebo group, in 62 of 105 patients (59%) in the 12.5-mg hydrochlorothiazide group (rate ratio vs. placebo, 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92 to 1.93), in 61 of 108 patients (56%) in the 25-mg group (rate ratio, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.79), and in 49 of 101 patients (49%) in the 50-mg group (rate ratio, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.63 to 1.36). There was no relation between the hydrochlorothiazide dose and the occurrence of a primary end-point event (P = 0.66). Hypokalemia, gout, new-onset diabetes mellitus, skin allergy, and a plasma creatinine level exceeding 150% of the baseline level were more common among patients who received hydrochlorothiazide than among those who received placebo. Among patients with recurrent kidney stones, the incidence of recurrence did not appear to differ substantially among patients receiving hydrochlorothiazide once daily at a dose of 12.5 mg, 25 mg, or 50 mg or placebo once daily. (Funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation and Inselspital; NOSTONE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03057431.).

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND
Nephrolithiasis is one of the most common conditions affecting the kidney and is characterized by a high risk of recurrence. Thiazide diuretic agents are widely used for prevention of the recurrence of kidney stones, but data regarding the efficacy of such agents as compared with placebo are limited. Furthermore, dose-response data are also limited.
METHODS
In this double-blind trial, we randomly assigned patients with recurrent calcium-containing kidney stones to receive hydrochlorothiazide at a dose of 12.5 mg, 25 mg, or 50 mg once daily or placebo once daily. The main objective was to investigate the dose-response effect for the primary end point, a composite of symptomatic or radiologic recurrence of kidney stones. Radiologic recurrence was defined as the appearance of new stones on imaging or the enlargement of preexisting stones that had been observed on the baseline image. Safety was also assessed.
RESULTS
In all, 416 patients underwent randomization and were followed for a median of 2.9 years. A primary end-point event occurred in 60 of 102 patients (59%) in the placebo group, in 62 of 105 patients (59%) in the 12.5-mg hydrochlorothiazide group (rate ratio vs. placebo, 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92 to 1.93), in 61 of 108 patients (56%) in the 25-mg group (rate ratio, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.79), and in 49 of 101 patients (49%) in the 50-mg group (rate ratio, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.63 to 1.36). There was no relation between the hydrochlorothiazide dose and the occurrence of a primary end-point event (P = 0.66). Hypokalemia, gout, new-onset diabetes mellitus, skin allergy, and a plasma creatinine level exceeding 150% of the baseline level were more common among patients who received hydrochlorothiazide than among those who received placebo.
CONCLUSIONS
Among patients with recurrent kidney stones, the incidence of recurrence did not appear to differ substantially among patients receiving hydrochlorothiazide once daily at a dose of 12.5 mg, 25 mg, or 50 mg or placebo once daily. (Funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation and Inselspital; NOSTONE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03057431.).

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2209275 PMID: 36856614
pubmed: 36856614
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2209275
doi:

Substances chimiques

Hydrochlorothiazide 0J48LPH2TH
Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors 0
Diuretics 0

Banques de données

ClinicalTrials.gov
['NCT03057431']

Types de publication

Randomized Controlled Trial Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

781-791

Subventions

Organisme : Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
ID : 33IC30_166785
Organisme : Inselspital, Universitätsspital Bern
ID : Intramural Support

Commentaires et corrections

Type : CommentIn
Type : CommentIn
Type : CommentIn
Type : CommentIn
Type : CommentIn
Type : CommentIn
Type : CommentIn

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2023 Massachusetts Medical Society.

Auteurs

Nasser A Dhayat (NA)

From the Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension (N.A.D., N.F., B.V., L.T., G.M.C., D.G.F.), Urology (B.R.), and Radiology (A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and CTU Bern (M.R., S.T.), University of Bern, Bern, Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (O.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (A.R., N.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Regional Hospital Lugano (L.P., G.B.), and Università della Svizzera Italiana (R.D.G., L.G.), Lugano, the Department of Nephrology, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur (R.M.V., P.G.), the Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C.H., I.K., C.B.), the Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona, Bellinzona (R.D.G., L.G.), the Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel (M.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Luzerner Kantonsspital LUKS, Lucerne (U.O.), the Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau (F.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva (T.E., C.S.-C.), and the Nephrology Service, Centre Hospitalier du Valais Romand, Sion (D.T.) - all in Switzerland.

Olivier Bonny (O)

From the Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension (N.A.D., N.F., B.V., L.T., G.M.C., D.G.F.), Urology (B.R.), and Radiology (A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and CTU Bern (M.R., S.T.), University of Bern, Bern, Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (O.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (A.R., N.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Regional Hospital Lugano (L.P., G.B.), and Università della Svizzera Italiana (R.D.G., L.G.), Lugano, the Department of Nephrology, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur (R.M.V., P.G.), the Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C.H., I.K., C.B.), the Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona, Bellinzona (R.D.G., L.G.), the Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel (M.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Luzerner Kantonsspital LUKS, Lucerne (U.O.), the Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau (F.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva (T.E., C.S.-C.), and the Nephrology Service, Centre Hospitalier du Valais Romand, Sion (D.T.) - all in Switzerland.

Beat Roth (B)

From the Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension (N.A.D., N.F., B.V., L.T., G.M.C., D.G.F.), Urology (B.R.), and Radiology (A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and CTU Bern (M.R., S.T.), University of Bern, Bern, Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (O.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (A.R., N.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Regional Hospital Lugano (L.P., G.B.), and Università della Svizzera Italiana (R.D.G., L.G.), Lugano, the Department of Nephrology, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur (R.M.V., P.G.), the Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C.H., I.K., C.B.), the Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona, Bellinzona (R.D.G., L.G.), the Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel (M.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Luzerner Kantonsspital LUKS, Lucerne (U.O.), the Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau (F.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva (T.E., C.S.-C.), and the Nephrology Service, Centre Hospitalier du Valais Romand, Sion (D.T.) - all in Switzerland.

Andreas Christe (A)

From the Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension (N.A.D., N.F., B.V., L.T., G.M.C., D.G.F.), Urology (B.R.), and Radiology (A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and CTU Bern (M.R., S.T.), University of Bern, Bern, Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (O.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (A.R., N.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Regional Hospital Lugano (L.P., G.B.), and Università della Svizzera Italiana (R.D.G., L.G.), Lugano, the Department of Nephrology, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur (R.M.V., P.G.), the Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C.H., I.K., C.B.), the Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona, Bellinzona (R.D.G., L.G.), the Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel (M.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Luzerner Kantonsspital LUKS, Lucerne (U.O.), the Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau (F.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva (T.E., C.S.-C.), and the Nephrology Service, Centre Hospitalier du Valais Romand, Sion (D.T.) - all in Switzerland.

Alexander Ritter (A)

From the Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension (N.A.D., N.F., B.V., L.T., G.M.C., D.G.F.), Urology (B.R.), and Radiology (A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and CTU Bern (M.R., S.T.), University of Bern, Bern, Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (O.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (A.R., N.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Regional Hospital Lugano (L.P., G.B.), and Università della Svizzera Italiana (R.D.G., L.G.), Lugano, the Department of Nephrology, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur (R.M.V., P.G.), the Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C.H., I.K., C.B.), the Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona, Bellinzona (R.D.G., L.G.), the Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel (M.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Luzerner Kantonsspital LUKS, Lucerne (U.O.), the Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau (F.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva (T.E., C.S.-C.), and the Nephrology Service, Centre Hospitalier du Valais Romand, Sion (D.T.) - all in Switzerland.

Nilufar Mohebbi (N)

From the Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension (N.A.D., N.F., B.V., L.T., G.M.C., D.G.F.), Urology (B.R.), and Radiology (A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and CTU Bern (M.R., S.T.), University of Bern, Bern, Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (O.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (A.R., N.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Regional Hospital Lugano (L.P., G.B.), and Università della Svizzera Italiana (R.D.G., L.G.), Lugano, the Department of Nephrology, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur (R.M.V., P.G.), the Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C.H., I.K., C.B.), the Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona, Bellinzona (R.D.G., L.G.), the Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel (M.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Luzerner Kantonsspital LUKS, Lucerne (U.O.), the Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau (F.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva (T.E., C.S.-C.), and the Nephrology Service, Centre Hospitalier du Valais Romand, Sion (D.T.) - all in Switzerland.

Nicolas Faller (N)

From the Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension (N.A.D., N.F., B.V., L.T., G.M.C., D.G.F.), Urology (B.R.), and Radiology (A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and CTU Bern (M.R., S.T.), University of Bern, Bern, Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (O.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (A.R., N.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Regional Hospital Lugano (L.P., G.B.), and Università della Svizzera Italiana (R.D.G., L.G.), Lugano, the Department of Nephrology, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur (R.M.V., P.G.), the Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C.H., I.K., C.B.), the Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona, Bellinzona (R.D.G., L.G.), the Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel (M.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Luzerner Kantonsspital LUKS, Lucerne (U.O.), the Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau (F.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva (T.E., C.S.-C.), and the Nephrology Service, Centre Hospitalier du Valais Romand, Sion (D.T.) - all in Switzerland.

Lisa Pellegrini (L)

From the Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension (N.A.D., N.F., B.V., L.T., G.M.C., D.G.F.), Urology (B.R.), and Radiology (A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and CTU Bern (M.R., S.T.), University of Bern, Bern, Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (O.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (A.R., N.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Regional Hospital Lugano (L.P., G.B.), and Università della Svizzera Italiana (R.D.G., L.G.), Lugano, the Department of Nephrology, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur (R.M.V., P.G.), the Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C.H., I.K., C.B.), the Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona, Bellinzona (R.D.G., L.G.), the Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel (M.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Luzerner Kantonsspital LUKS, Lucerne (U.O.), the Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau (F.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva (T.E., C.S.-C.), and the Nephrology Service, Centre Hospitalier du Valais Romand, Sion (D.T.) - all in Switzerland.

Giulia Bedino (G)

From the Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension (N.A.D., N.F., B.V., L.T., G.M.C., D.G.F.), Urology (B.R.), and Radiology (A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and CTU Bern (M.R., S.T.), University of Bern, Bern, Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (O.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (A.R., N.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Regional Hospital Lugano (L.P., G.B.), and Università della Svizzera Italiana (R.D.G., L.G.), Lugano, the Department of Nephrology, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur (R.M.V., P.G.), the Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C.H., I.K., C.B.), the Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona, Bellinzona (R.D.G., L.G.), the Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel (M.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Luzerner Kantonsspital LUKS, Lucerne (U.O.), the Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau (F.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva (T.E., C.S.-C.), and the Nephrology Service, Centre Hospitalier du Valais Romand, Sion (D.T.) - all in Switzerland.

Reto M Venzin (RM)

From the Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension (N.A.D., N.F., B.V., L.T., G.M.C., D.G.F.), Urology (B.R.), and Radiology (A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and CTU Bern (M.R., S.T.), University of Bern, Bern, Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (O.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (A.R., N.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Regional Hospital Lugano (L.P., G.B.), and Università della Svizzera Italiana (R.D.G., L.G.), Lugano, the Department of Nephrology, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur (R.M.V., P.G.), the Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C.H., I.K., C.B.), the Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona, Bellinzona (R.D.G., L.G.), the Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel (M.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Luzerner Kantonsspital LUKS, Lucerne (U.O.), the Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau (F.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva (T.E., C.S.-C.), and the Nephrology Service, Centre Hospitalier du Valais Romand, Sion (D.T.) - all in Switzerland.

Philipp Grosse (P)

From the Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension (N.A.D., N.F., B.V., L.T., G.M.C., D.G.F.), Urology (B.R.), and Radiology (A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and CTU Bern (M.R., S.T.), University of Bern, Bern, Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (O.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (A.R., N.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Regional Hospital Lugano (L.P., G.B.), and Università della Svizzera Italiana (R.D.G., L.G.), Lugano, the Department of Nephrology, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur (R.M.V., P.G.), the Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C.H., I.K., C.B.), the Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona, Bellinzona (R.D.G., L.G.), the Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel (M.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Luzerner Kantonsspital LUKS, Lucerne (U.O.), the Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau (F.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva (T.E., C.S.-C.), and the Nephrology Service, Centre Hospitalier du Valais Romand, Sion (D.T.) - all in Switzerland.

Carina Hüsler (C)

From the Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension (N.A.D., N.F., B.V., L.T., G.M.C., D.G.F.), Urology (B.R.), and Radiology (A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and CTU Bern (M.R., S.T.), University of Bern, Bern, Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (O.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (A.R., N.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Regional Hospital Lugano (L.P., G.B.), and Università della Svizzera Italiana (R.D.G., L.G.), Lugano, the Department of Nephrology, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur (R.M.V., P.G.), the Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C.H., I.K., C.B.), the Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona, Bellinzona (R.D.G., L.G.), the Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel (M.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Luzerner Kantonsspital LUKS, Lucerne (U.O.), the Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau (F.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva (T.E., C.S.-C.), and the Nephrology Service, Centre Hospitalier du Valais Romand, Sion (D.T.) - all in Switzerland.

Irene Koneth (I)

From the Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension (N.A.D., N.F., B.V., L.T., G.M.C., D.G.F.), Urology (B.R.), and Radiology (A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and CTU Bern (M.R., S.T.), University of Bern, Bern, Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (O.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (A.R., N.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Regional Hospital Lugano (L.P., G.B.), and Università della Svizzera Italiana (R.D.G., L.G.), Lugano, the Department of Nephrology, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur (R.M.V., P.G.), the Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C.H., I.K., C.B.), the Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona, Bellinzona (R.D.G., L.G.), the Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel (M.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Luzerner Kantonsspital LUKS, Lucerne (U.O.), the Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau (F.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva (T.E., C.S.-C.), and the Nephrology Service, Centre Hospitalier du Valais Romand, Sion (D.T.) - all in Switzerland.

Christian Bucher (C)

From the Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension (N.A.D., N.F., B.V., L.T., G.M.C., D.G.F.), Urology (B.R.), and Radiology (A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and CTU Bern (M.R., S.T.), University of Bern, Bern, Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (O.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (A.R., N.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Regional Hospital Lugano (L.P., G.B.), and Università della Svizzera Italiana (R.D.G., L.G.), Lugano, the Department of Nephrology, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur (R.M.V., P.G.), the Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C.H., I.K., C.B.), the Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona, Bellinzona (R.D.G., L.G.), the Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel (M.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Luzerner Kantonsspital LUKS, Lucerne (U.O.), the Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau (F.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva (T.E., C.S.-C.), and the Nephrology Service, Centre Hospitalier du Valais Romand, Sion (D.T.) - all in Switzerland.

Rosaria Del Giorno (R)

From the Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension (N.A.D., N.F., B.V., L.T., G.M.C., D.G.F.), Urology (B.R.), and Radiology (A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and CTU Bern (M.R., S.T.), University of Bern, Bern, Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (O.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (A.R., N.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Regional Hospital Lugano (L.P., G.B.), and Università della Svizzera Italiana (R.D.G., L.G.), Lugano, the Department of Nephrology, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur (R.M.V., P.G.), the Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C.H., I.K., C.B.), the Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona, Bellinzona (R.D.G., L.G.), the Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel (M.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Luzerner Kantonsspital LUKS, Lucerne (U.O.), the Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau (F.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva (T.E., C.S.-C.), and the Nephrology Service, Centre Hospitalier du Valais Romand, Sion (D.T.) - all in Switzerland.

Luca Gabutti (L)

From the Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension (N.A.D., N.F., B.V., L.T., G.M.C., D.G.F.), Urology (B.R.), and Radiology (A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and CTU Bern (M.R., S.T.), University of Bern, Bern, Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (O.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (A.R., N.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Regional Hospital Lugano (L.P., G.B.), and Università della Svizzera Italiana (R.D.G., L.G.), Lugano, the Department of Nephrology, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur (R.M.V., P.G.), the Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C.H., I.K., C.B.), the Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona, Bellinzona (R.D.G., L.G.), the Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel (M.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Luzerner Kantonsspital LUKS, Lucerne (U.O.), the Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau (F.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva (T.E., C.S.-C.), and the Nephrology Service, Centre Hospitalier du Valais Romand, Sion (D.T.) - all in Switzerland.

Michael Mayr (M)

From the Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension (N.A.D., N.F., B.V., L.T., G.M.C., D.G.F.), Urology (B.R.), and Radiology (A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and CTU Bern (M.R., S.T.), University of Bern, Bern, Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (O.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (A.R., N.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Regional Hospital Lugano (L.P., G.B.), and Università della Svizzera Italiana (R.D.G., L.G.), Lugano, the Department of Nephrology, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur (R.M.V., P.G.), the Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C.H., I.K., C.B.), the Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona, Bellinzona (R.D.G., L.G.), the Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel (M.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Luzerner Kantonsspital LUKS, Lucerne (U.O.), the Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau (F.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva (T.E., C.S.-C.), and the Nephrology Service, Centre Hospitalier du Valais Romand, Sion (D.T.) - all in Switzerland.

Urs Odermatt (U)

From the Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension (N.A.D., N.F., B.V., L.T., G.M.C., D.G.F.), Urology (B.R.), and Radiology (A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and CTU Bern (M.R., S.T.), University of Bern, Bern, Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (O.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (A.R., N.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Regional Hospital Lugano (L.P., G.B.), and Università della Svizzera Italiana (R.D.G., L.G.), Lugano, the Department of Nephrology, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur (R.M.V., P.G.), the Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C.H., I.K., C.B.), the Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona, Bellinzona (R.D.G., L.G.), the Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel (M.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Luzerner Kantonsspital LUKS, Lucerne (U.O.), the Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau (F.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva (T.E., C.S.-C.), and the Nephrology Service, Centre Hospitalier du Valais Romand, Sion (D.T.) - all in Switzerland.

Florian Buchkremer (F)

From the Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension (N.A.D., N.F., B.V., L.T., G.M.C., D.G.F.), Urology (B.R.), and Radiology (A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and CTU Bern (M.R., S.T.), University of Bern, Bern, Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (O.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (A.R., N.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Regional Hospital Lugano (L.P., G.B.), and Università della Svizzera Italiana (R.D.G., L.G.), Lugano, the Department of Nephrology, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur (R.M.V., P.G.), the Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C.H., I.K., C.B.), the Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona, Bellinzona (R.D.G., L.G.), the Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel (M.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Luzerner Kantonsspital LUKS, Lucerne (U.O.), the Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau (F.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva (T.E., C.S.-C.), and the Nephrology Service, Centre Hospitalier du Valais Romand, Sion (D.T.) - all in Switzerland.

Thomas Ernandez (T)

From the Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension (N.A.D., N.F., B.V., L.T., G.M.C., D.G.F.), Urology (B.R.), and Radiology (A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and CTU Bern (M.R., S.T.), University of Bern, Bern, Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (O.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (A.R., N.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Regional Hospital Lugano (L.P., G.B.), and Università della Svizzera Italiana (R.D.G., L.G.), Lugano, the Department of Nephrology, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur (R.M.V., P.G.), the Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C.H., I.K., C.B.), the Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona, Bellinzona (R.D.G., L.G.), the Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel (M.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Luzerner Kantonsspital LUKS, Lucerne (U.O.), the Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau (F.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva (T.E., C.S.-C.), and the Nephrology Service, Centre Hospitalier du Valais Romand, Sion (D.T.) - all in Switzerland.

Catherine Stoermann-Chopard (C)

From the Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension (N.A.D., N.F., B.V., L.T., G.M.C., D.G.F.), Urology (B.R.), and Radiology (A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and CTU Bern (M.R., S.T.), University of Bern, Bern, Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (O.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (A.R., N.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Regional Hospital Lugano (L.P., G.B.), and Università della Svizzera Italiana (R.D.G., L.G.), Lugano, the Department of Nephrology, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur (R.M.V., P.G.), the Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C.H., I.K., C.B.), the Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona, Bellinzona (R.D.G., L.G.), the Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel (M.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Luzerner Kantonsspital LUKS, Lucerne (U.O.), the Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau (F.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva (T.E., C.S.-C.), and the Nephrology Service, Centre Hospitalier du Valais Romand, Sion (D.T.) - all in Switzerland.

Daniel Teta (D)

From the Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension (N.A.D., N.F., B.V., L.T., G.M.C., D.G.F.), Urology (B.R.), and Radiology (A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and CTU Bern (M.R., S.T.), University of Bern, Bern, Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (O.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (A.R., N.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Regional Hospital Lugano (L.P., G.B.), and Università della Svizzera Italiana (R.D.G., L.G.), Lugano, the Department of Nephrology, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur (R.M.V., P.G.), the Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C.H., I.K., C.B.), the Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona, Bellinzona (R.D.G., L.G.), the Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel (M.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Luzerner Kantonsspital LUKS, Lucerne (U.O.), the Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau (F.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva (T.E., C.S.-C.), and the Nephrology Service, Centre Hospitalier du Valais Romand, Sion (D.T.) - all in Switzerland.

Bruno Vogt (B)

From the Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension (N.A.D., N.F., B.V., L.T., G.M.C., D.G.F.), Urology (B.R.), and Radiology (A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and CTU Bern (M.R., S.T.), University of Bern, Bern, Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (O.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (A.R., N.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Regional Hospital Lugano (L.P., G.B.), and Università della Svizzera Italiana (R.D.G., L.G.), Lugano, the Department of Nephrology, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur (R.M.V., P.G.), the Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C.H., I.K., C.B.), the Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona, Bellinzona (R.D.G., L.G.), the Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel (M.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Luzerner Kantonsspital LUKS, Lucerne (U.O.), the Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau (F.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva (T.E., C.S.-C.), and the Nephrology Service, Centre Hospitalier du Valais Romand, Sion (D.T.) - all in Switzerland.

Marie Roumet (M)

From the Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension (N.A.D., N.F., B.V., L.T., G.M.C., D.G.F.), Urology (B.R.), and Radiology (A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and CTU Bern (M.R., S.T.), University of Bern, Bern, Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (O.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (A.R., N.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Regional Hospital Lugano (L.P., G.B.), and Università della Svizzera Italiana (R.D.G., L.G.), Lugano, the Department of Nephrology, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur (R.M.V., P.G.), the Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C.H., I.K., C.B.), the Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona, Bellinzona (R.D.G., L.G.), the Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel (M.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Luzerner Kantonsspital LUKS, Lucerne (U.O.), the Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau (F.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva (T.E., C.S.-C.), and the Nephrology Service, Centre Hospitalier du Valais Romand, Sion (D.T.) - all in Switzerland.

Luca Tamò (L)

From the Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension (N.A.D., N.F., B.V., L.T., G.M.C., D.G.F.), Urology (B.R.), and Radiology (A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and CTU Bern (M.R., S.T.), University of Bern, Bern, Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (O.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (A.R., N.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Regional Hospital Lugano (L.P., G.B.), and Università della Svizzera Italiana (R.D.G., L.G.), Lugano, the Department of Nephrology, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur (R.M.V., P.G.), the Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C.H., I.K., C.B.), the Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona, Bellinzona (R.D.G., L.G.), the Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel (M.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Luzerner Kantonsspital LUKS, Lucerne (U.O.), the Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau (F.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva (T.E., C.S.-C.), and the Nephrology Service, Centre Hospitalier du Valais Romand, Sion (D.T.) - all in Switzerland.
ORCID: 0000-0001-7452-389X

Grazia M Cereghetti (GM)

From the Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension (N.A.D., N.F., B.V., L.T., G.M.C., D.G.F.), Urology (B.R.), and Radiology (A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and CTU Bern (M.R., S.T.), University of Bern, Bern, Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (O.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (A.R., N.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Regional Hospital Lugano (L.P., G.B.), and Università della Svizzera Italiana (R.D.G., L.G.), Lugano, the Department of Nephrology, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur (R.M.V., P.G.), the Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C.H., I.K., C.B.), the Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona, Bellinzona (R.D.G., L.G.), the Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel (M.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Luzerner Kantonsspital LUKS, Lucerne (U.O.), the Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau (F.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva (T.E., C.S.-C.), and the Nephrology Service, Centre Hospitalier du Valais Romand, Sion (D.T.) - all in Switzerland.

Sven Trelle (S)

From the Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension (N.A.D., N.F., B.V., L.T., G.M.C., D.G.F.), Urology (B.R.), and Radiology (A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and CTU Bern (M.R., S.T.), University of Bern, Bern, Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (O.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (A.R., N.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Regional Hospital Lugano (L.P., G.B.), and Università della Svizzera Italiana (R.D.G., L.G.), Lugano, the Department of Nephrology, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur (R.M.V., P.G.), the Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C.H., I.K., C.B.), the Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona, Bellinzona (R.D.G., L.G.), the Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel (M.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Luzerner Kantonsspital LUKS, Lucerne (U.O.), the Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau (F.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva (T.E., C.S.-C.), and the Nephrology Service, Centre Hospitalier du Valais Romand, Sion (D.T.) - all in Switzerland.

Daniel G Fuster (DG)

From the Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension (N.A.D., N.F., B.V., L.T., G.M.C., D.G.F.), Urology (B.R.), and Radiology (A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and CTU Bern (M.R., S.T.), University of Bern, Bern, Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (O.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (A.R., N.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Regional Hospital Lugano (L.P., G.B.), and Università della Svizzera Italiana (R.D.G., L.G.), Lugano, the Department of Nephrology, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur (R.M.V., P.G.), the Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C.H., I.K., C.B.), the Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona, Bellinzona (R.D.G., L.G.), the Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel (M.M.), the Department of Nephrology, Luzerner Kantonsspital LUKS, Lucerne (U.O.), the Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau (F.B.), the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva (T.E., C.S.-C.), and the Nephrology Service, Centre Hospitalier du Valais Romand, Sion (D.T.) - all in Switzerland.
ORCID: 0000-0001-7220-1803

Articles similaires

[Redispensing of expensive oral anticancer medicines: a practical application].

Lisanne N van Merendonk, Kübra Akgöl, Bastiaan Nuijen
1.00
Humans Antineoplastic Agents Administration, Oral Drug Costs Counterfeit Drugs

Smoking Cessation and Incident Cardiovascular Disease.

Jun Hwan Cho, Seung Yong Shin, Hoseob Kim et al.
1.00
Humans Male Smoking Cessation Cardiovascular Diseases Female

Evaluation of Low-Value Services Across Major Medicare Advantage Insurers and Traditional Medicare.

Ciara Duggan, Adam L Beckman, Ishani Ganguli et al.
1.00
Humans United States Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Medicare Part C

Effectiveness of Virtual Yoga for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Hallie Tankha, Devyn Gaskins, Amanda Shallcross et al.
1.00
Humans Yoga Low Back Pain Female Male

Classifications MeSH

questionsmedicales.fr › Eucaryotes › Animaux › Chordés › Vertébrés › Mammifères › Eutheria › Primates › Haplorhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Humains › Hydrochlorothiazide and Prevention of...
questionsmedicales.fr › Composés hétérocycliques › Composés hétérocycliques à cycles fusionnés › Composés hétérobicycliques › Benzothiadiazines › Chlorothiazide › Hydrochlorothiazide › Hydrochlorothiazide and Prevention of...
questionsmedicales.fr › Appareil urogénital › Voies urinaires › Rein › Hydrochlorothiazide and Prevention of...
questionsmedicales.fr › États, signes et symptômes pathologiques › États anatomopathologiques › Calculs › Calculs urinaires › Calculs rénaux › Hydrochlorothiazide and Prevention of...
questionsmedicales.fr › Actions chimiques et utilisations › Actions pharmacologiques › Effets physiologiques des médicaments › Diurétiques › Inhibiteurs du symport chlorure sodium › Hydrochlorothiazide and Prevention of...
questionsmedicales.fr › États, signes et symptômes pathologiques › Processus pathologiques › Caractéristiques de la maladie › Récidive › Hydrochlorothiazide and Prevention of...
questionsmedicales.fr › Environnement et santé publique › Santé publique › Méthodes épidémiologiques › Méthodologie en recherche épidémiologique › Méthode en double aveugle › Hydrochlorothiazide and Prevention of...
questionsmedicales.fr › Phénomènes physiologiques › Phénomènes pharmacologiques et toxicologiques › Phénomènes toxicologiques › Relation dose-effet des médicaments › Hydrochlorothiazide and Prevention of...
questionsmedicales.fr › Actions chimiques et utilisations › Actions pharmacologiques › Effets physiologiques des médicaments › Diurétiques › Hydrochlorothiazide and Prevention of...