PHYTOCHROME C regulation of photoperiodic flowering via PHOTOPERIOD1 is mediated by EARLY FLOWERING 3 in Brachypodium distachyon.
Journal
PLoS genetics
ISSN: 1553-7404
Titre abrégé: PLoS Genet
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101239074
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
05 2023
05 2023
Historique:
received:
13
10
2022
accepted:
17
03
2023
medline:
12
5
2023
pubmed:
10
5
2023
entrez:
10
5
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Daylength sensing in many plants is critical for coordinating the timing of flowering with the appropriate season. Temperate climate-adapted grasses such as Brachypodium distachyon flower during the spring when days are becoming longer. The photoreceptor PHYTOCHROME C is essential for long-day (LD) flowering in B. distachyon. PHYC is required for the LD activation of a suite of genes in the photoperiod pathway including PHOTOPERIOD1 (PPD1) that, in turn, result in the activation of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT1)/FLORIGEN, which causes flowering. Thus, B. distachyon phyC mutants are extremely delayed in flowering. Here we show that PHYC-mediated activation of PPD1 occurs via EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3), a component of the evening complex in the circadian clock. The extreme delay of flowering of the phyC mutant disappears when combined with an elf3 loss-of-function mutation. Moreover, the dampened PPD1 expression in phyC mutant plants is elevated in phyC/elf3 mutant plants consistent with the rapid flowering of the double mutant. We show that loss of PPD1 function also results in reduced FT1 expression and extremely delayed flowering consistent with results from wheat and barley. Additionally, elf3 mutant plants have elevated expression levels of PPD1, and we show that overexpression of ELF3 results in delayed flowering associated with a reduction of PPD1 and FT1 expression, indicating that ELF3 represses PPD1 transcription consistent with previous studies showing that ELF3 binds to the PPD1 promoter. Indeed, PPD1 is the main target of ELF3-mediated flowering as elf3/ppd1 double mutant plants are delayed flowering. Our results indicate that ELF3 operates downstream from PHYC and acts as a repressor of PPD1 in the photoperiod flowering pathway of B. distachyon.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37163541
doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010706
pii: PGENETICS-D-22-01183
pmc: PMC10171608
doi:
Substances chimiques
Phytochrome
11121-56-5
Plant Proteins
0
Transcription Factors
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e1010706Subventions
Organisme : NIGMS NIH HHS
ID : T32 GM007133
Pays : United States
Commentaires et corrections
Type : ExpressionOfConcernIn
Informations de copyright
Copyright: This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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