The impact of fast food marketing on brand preferences and fast food intake of youth aged 10-17 across six countries.
Advertising to youth
Fast food
Food environment
Intake
Marketing
Preferences
Journal
BMC public health
ISSN: 1471-2458
Titre abrégé: BMC Public Health
Pays: England
ID NLM: 100968562
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
27 07 2023
27 07 2023
Historique:
received:
07
02
2023
accepted:
20
06
2023
medline:
31
7
2023
pubmed:
28
7
2023
entrez:
27
7
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Consumption of fast food, which is associated with poor diet, weight gain and the development of noncommunicable diseases, is high amongst youth. Fast food marketing, a modifiable determinant of excess weight and obesity, affects youth's food-related behaviours. This study aimed to examine the relationship between exposure to fast food marketing and the fast food brand preferences and intake amongst youth aged 10-17 across six countries. Data from 9,695 youth respondents living in Australia, Canada, Chile, Mexico, the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (US) were analyzed from the 2019 International Food Policy Study (IFPS) Youth Survey. Survey measures assessed exposure to fast food marketing and brand-specific marketing, and preference for these brands and fast food intake. Regression models adjusted for age, sex, income adequacy and ethnicity were used to examine the associations. Exposure to fast food marketing was positively associated with brand preferences and intake consistently across most countries. Overall, preference for McDonald's (OR:1.97; 95% CI:1.52, 2.56), KFC (OR:1.61; 95% CI:1.24, 2.09) and Subway (OR:1.73; 95% CI:1.34, 2.24) were highest when exposed to general fast food marketing ≥ 2x/week compared to never. Preference for McDonald's (OR:2.32; 95% CI:1.92, 2.79), KFC (OR:2.28; 95% CI:1.95, 2.68) and Subway (OR:2.75; 95% CI:2.32, 3.27) were also higher when exposed to marketing for each brand compared to not. Fast food intake was highest in Chile (IRR:1.90; 95% CI:1.45, 2.48), the UK (IRR:1.40; 95% CI:1.20, 1.63), Canada (IRR:1.32; 95% CI:1.19, 1.48), Mexico (IRR:1.26; 95% CI:1.05, 1.53) and the US (IRR:1.21; 95% CI:1.05, 1.41) when exposed to general fast food marketing ≥ 2x/week compared to never and was higher across most countries when exposed to brand-specific marketing compared to not. Respondents classified as ethnic minorities were more likely to report consuming fast food than ethnic majorities, and females were less likely to report consuming fast food than males. Exposure to fast food marketing is consistently and positively associated with brand preferences and fast food intake in all six countries. Our results highlight the need for strict government regulation to reduce exposure of unhealthy food marketing to youth in all six countries.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Consumption of fast food, which is associated with poor diet, weight gain and the development of noncommunicable diseases, is high amongst youth. Fast food marketing, a modifiable determinant of excess weight and obesity, affects youth's food-related behaviours. This study aimed to examine the relationship between exposure to fast food marketing and the fast food brand preferences and intake amongst youth aged 10-17 across six countries.
METHODS
Data from 9,695 youth respondents living in Australia, Canada, Chile, Mexico, the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (US) were analyzed from the 2019 International Food Policy Study (IFPS) Youth Survey. Survey measures assessed exposure to fast food marketing and brand-specific marketing, and preference for these brands and fast food intake. Regression models adjusted for age, sex, income adequacy and ethnicity were used to examine the associations.
RESULTS
Exposure to fast food marketing was positively associated with brand preferences and intake consistently across most countries. Overall, preference for McDonald's (OR:1.97; 95% CI:1.52, 2.56), KFC (OR:1.61; 95% CI:1.24, 2.09) and Subway (OR:1.73; 95% CI:1.34, 2.24) were highest when exposed to general fast food marketing ≥ 2x/week compared to never. Preference for McDonald's (OR:2.32; 95% CI:1.92, 2.79), KFC (OR:2.28; 95% CI:1.95, 2.68) and Subway (OR:2.75; 95% CI:2.32, 3.27) were also higher when exposed to marketing for each brand compared to not. Fast food intake was highest in Chile (IRR:1.90; 95% CI:1.45, 2.48), the UK (IRR:1.40; 95% CI:1.20, 1.63), Canada (IRR:1.32; 95% CI:1.19, 1.48), Mexico (IRR:1.26; 95% CI:1.05, 1.53) and the US (IRR:1.21; 95% CI:1.05, 1.41) when exposed to general fast food marketing ≥ 2x/week compared to never and was higher across most countries when exposed to brand-specific marketing compared to not. Respondents classified as ethnic minorities were more likely to report consuming fast food than ethnic majorities, and females were less likely to report consuming fast food than males.
CONCLUSIONS
Exposure to fast food marketing is consistently and positively associated with brand preferences and fast food intake in all six countries. Our results highlight the need for strict government regulation to reduce exposure of unhealthy food marketing to youth in all six countries.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37501119
doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16158-w
pii: 10.1186/s12889-023-16158-w
pmc: PMC10373354
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1436Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s).
Références
Appetite. 2021 Nov 1;166:105431
pubmed: 34062174
J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1989 Aug;10(4):176-80
pubmed: 2768484
Pediatr Obes. 2016 Apr;11(2):158-60
pubmed: 26261017
Nutrients. 2020 Oct 30;12(11):
pubmed: 33142988
Tob Control. 1998 Summer;7(2):129-33
pubmed: 9789930
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 05;17(5):
pubmed: 32150961
Obes Rev. 2019 Dec;20(12):1708-1719
pubmed: 31468652
Can J Public Health. 2021 Dec;112(6):1008-1019
pubmed: 34129214
J Adolesc Health. 2018 Jul;63(1):102-107
pubmed: 30060846
Health Educ Q. 1982 Summer-Fall;9(2-3):174-89
pubmed: 7169326
Econ Hum Biol. 2011 Jul;9(3):221-33
pubmed: 21439918
Appl Psychol Health Well Being. 2015 Mar;7(1):41-62
pubmed: 25363859
Soc Issues Policy Rev. 2009 Dec 1;3(1):211-271
pubmed: 20182647
J Health Commun. 2002 Oct-Dec;7(5):445-53
pubmed: 12455763
Appetite. 2016 Jan 1;96:473-480
pubmed: 26471803
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2017 Apr;1393(1):21-33
pubmed: 28436102
Nutr J. 2021 Jun 7;20(1):52
pubmed: 34099000
Obes Rev. 2019 Nov;20 Suppl 2:116-128
pubmed: 30977265
J Am Diet Assoc. 2011 Jul;111(7):1004-11
pubmed: 21703378
Obes Rev. 2019 Apr;20(4):554-568
pubmed: 30576057
JAMA Pediatr. 2021 Sep 1;175(9):e211573
pubmed: 34125152
J Health Commun. 2013;18(9):1084-96
pubmed: 23638634
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2019 Apr 23;16(1):35
pubmed: 31014359
Nutrients. 2020 Feb 07;12(2):
pubmed: 32046142
BMC Public Health. 2014 Apr 07;14:323
pubmed: 24708863
Am J Health Promot. 2005 May-Jun;19(5):330-3, ii
pubmed: 15895534
Pediatr Obes. 2019 Jun;14(6):e12508
pubmed: 30690924
Appetite. 2012 Feb;58(1):1-5
pubmed: 22001023
Appetite. 2014 Dec;83:75-81
pubmed: 25128834
Appetite. 2008 Mar-May;50(2-3):325-32
pubmed: 17936413
Obes Rev. 2019 Mar;20(3):367-374
pubmed: 30549191
Pediatrics. 2004 Jan;113(1 Pt 1):112-8
pubmed: 14702458
Obes Rev. 2021 Mar;22(3):e13144
pubmed: 33073488
Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Feb;103(2):519-33
pubmed: 26791177
Nutrients. 2021 Aug 13;13(8):
pubmed: 34444936
JAMA Pediatr. 2022 Jul 1;176(7):e221037
pubmed: 35499839
Am J Public Health. 2009 Nov;99 Suppl 3:S587-92
pubmed: 19443816
J Nutr Educ Behav. 2009 Nov-Dec;41(6):406-13
pubmed: 19879496
J Am Diet Assoc. 2011 Dec;111(12):1892-7
pubmed: 22117665
Pediatr Obes. 2014 Oct;9(5):362-72
pubmed: 23818245
Nutr Rev. 2019 Nov 1;77(11):787-816
pubmed: 31329232
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2004 Feb 10;1(1):3
pubmed: 15171786
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010 Feb;1186:69-101
pubmed: 20201869
Appetite. 2018 Oct 1;129:245-251
pubmed: 30031786
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2023 Jan 1;48(1):27-37
pubmed: 36174233
Am J Public Health. 2015 Apr;105(4):e86-95
pubmed: 25713968
J Am Diet Assoc. 2010 Jun;110(6):869-78
pubmed: 20497776
Pediatrics. 2001 Jan;107(1):E7
pubmed: 11134471
J Am Diet Assoc. 2001 Jan;101(1):42-6
pubmed: 11209583
Health Psychol. 2016 Apr;35(4):407-11
pubmed: 27018733
Health Rep. 2020 Nov 18;31(11):3-15
pubmed: 33205938
Nicotine Tob Res. 2020 May 26;22(6):1030-1035
pubmed: 31180120
Nutrients. 2020 Apr 24;12(4):
pubmed: 32344514
Am J Prev Med. 2013 Oct;45(4):453-61
pubmed: 24050422
J Am Diet Assoc. 2003 Oct;103(10):1332-8
pubmed: 14520253
Am J Public Health. 2010 Apr 1;100 Suppl 1:S186-96
pubmed: 20147693
Lancet. 2011 Aug 27;378(9793):804-14
pubmed: 21872749
Nicotine Tob Res. 2006 Dec;8(6):751-9
pubmed: 17132522
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2012 Sep;20(9):1829-37
pubmed: 21720425
Health Rep. 2021 Aug 18;32(8):18-26
pubmed: 34405972
Obes Rev. 2016 Oct;17(10):945-59
pubmed: 27427474
Public Health Nutr. 2018 Jun;21(9):1608-1617
pubmed: 29433594
Am J Prev Med. 2007 Oct;33(4 Suppl):S251-6
pubmed: 17884573
Obes Rev. 2013 Oct;14 Suppl 1:59-69
pubmed: 24074211