Force propagation between epithelial cells depends on active coupling and mechano-structural polarization.
cell biology
epithelium
force propagation
mechanobiology
micropattern
optogenetics
physics of living systems
polarity
Journal
eLife
ISSN: 2050-084X
Titre abrégé: Elife
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101579614
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
07 08 2023
07 08 2023
Historique:
received:
20
09
2022
accepted:
07
08
2023
medline:
21
9
2023
pubmed:
7
8
2023
entrez:
7
8
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Cell-generated forces play a major role in coordinating the large-scale behavior of cell assemblies, in particular during development, wound healing, and cancer. Mechanical signals propagate faster than biochemical signals, but can have similar effects, especially in epithelial tissues with strong cell-cell adhesion. However, a quantitative description of the transmission chain from force generation in a sender cell, force propagation across cell-cell boundaries, and the concomitant response of receiver cells is missing. For a quantitative analysis of this important situation, here we propose a minimal model system of two epithelial cells on an H-pattern ('cell doublet'). After optogenetically activating RhoA, a major regulator of cell contractility, in the sender cell, we measure the mechanical response of the receiver cell by traction force and monolayer stress microscopies. In general, we find that the receiver cells show an active response so that the cell doublet forms a coherent unit. However, force propagation and response of the receiver cell also strongly depend on the mechano-structural polarization in the cell assembly, which is controlled by cell-matrix adhesion to the adhesive micropattern. We find that the response of the receiver cell is stronger when the mechano-structural polarization axis is oriented perpendicular to the direction of force propagation, reminiscent of the Poisson effect in passive materials. We finally show that the same effects are at work in small tissues. Our work demonstrates that cellular organization and active mechanical response of a tissue are key to maintain signal strength and lead to the emergence of elasticity, which means that signals are not dissipated like in a viscous system, but can propagate over large distances.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37548995
doi: 10.7554/eLife.83588
pii: 83588
pmc: PMC10511242
doi:
pii:
Banques de données
Dryad
['10.5061/dryad.sj3tx9683']
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Informations de copyright
© 2023, Ruppel, Wörthmüller et al.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
AR, DW, VM, MK, IW, PM, AM, JR, GC, GC, TB, US, MB No competing interests declared
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