A closer look at bio-hydrogen strategy in post-carbon age and its prospect in Egypt.

The necessity of achieving climate goals has become more pressing during the past two years. Discussions on implementing and achieving these goals have taken place in addition to the tightening of the climate targets and the desire for net-zero attainment by as early as 2050. Along with the capacity of biomass to supply the energy needs of society today being quite significant, hydrogen may be the best choice to replace fossil fuels as a clean energy source. Therefore, this study presents a high-level overview of the bio-hydrogen technical pathways, as well as socioeconomic and ecological aspects of bio-hydrogen, and an analysis of the global hydrogen development. A focus on Egypt, as a prominent spot on the global energy map, could instruct other emerging countries and help policymakers of the national hydrogen agenda to prioritize developing a new legal framework to regulate hydrogen production projects, offering financial incentives to energy-intensive companies to switch to using green hydrogen, and providing transparency and certainty regarding future hydrogen demand possibilities.

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Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.