Balancing Redox Homeostasis to Improve l-Cysteine Production in

l-Cysteine is a valuable sulfur-containing amino acid with applications across a wide range of fields. Recently, microbial fermentation has emerged as a method to produce l-cysteine. However, cellular redox stress from high levels of l-cysteine is a bottleneck for achieving efficient production. In this study, we aimed to facilitate l-cysteine biosynthesis by modulating cellular redox homeostasis through the introduction of the natural antioxidant astaxanthin in