Relationships between Serotonin Transporter Availability and the Global Efficiency of the Executive Control Brain Network.

The diverse effects of serotonin on cognition may emerge from the modulation of large-scale brain networks that support distinct cognitive processes. Yet, the specific effect of serotoninergic modulation on the properties of these networks remains elusive. Here, we used a simultaneous PET-fMRI scanner combined with graph theory analyses to investigate the modulation of network properties by the Serotonin Transporter (SERT) availability measured in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). We defined global efficiency as the average mean of efficiencies over all pairs of distinct nodes of specific brain networks, and determined whether SERT levels correlated with the global efficiency of each network. SERT availability in the DRN correlated negatively with the global efficiency of the executive control brain network, which is engaged in cognitive control and directed attention. No relationship was observed between SERT availability and the global efficiency of the default mode or the salience brain networks. These findings indicate a specific role of serotoninergic modulation in the executive control brain network via a change in its global efficiency.