Interprofessional Staffing Pattern Clusters in U.S. ICUs.

To identify interprofessional staffing pattern clusters used in U.S. ICUs. Latent class analysis. Adult U.S. ICUs. None. None. We used data from a staffing survey that queried respondents ( We identified three clusters as optimal. Most ICUs (54.2%) were in cluster 1 ("higher overall staffing") characterized by a higher likelihood of good provider coverage (both intensivist [onsite 24 hr/d] and nonintensivist [orders placed by ICU team exclusively, presence of advanced practice providers, and physicians-in-training]), nursing leadership (presence of charge nurse, nurse educators, and managers), and bedside nursing support (nurses with registered nursing degrees, fewer patients per nurse, and nursing aide availability). One-third (33.7%) were in cluster 2 ("lower intensivist coverage & nursing leadership, higher bedside nursing support") and 12.1% were in cluster 3 ("higher provider coverage & nursing leadership, lower bedside nursing support"). Clinical pharmacists were more common in cluster 1 (99.4%), but present in greater than 85% of all ICUs; respiratory therapists were nearly universal. Cluster 1 ICUs were larger (median 20 beds vs. 15 and 17 in clusters 2 and 3, respectively; More than half of U.S. ICUs had higher staffing overall. Others tended to have either higher provider presence and nursing leadership or higher bedside nursing support, but not both.

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Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the Society of Critical Care Medicine.

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Dr. Gershengorn received funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI; R01-HL156880-01) and the University of Miami Hospital and Clinics Data Analytics Research Team. Dr. Garland received funding from the Canadian Institute for Health Research, Manitoba Medical Services Foundation, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, and NIH/NHLBI (R01-HL156880-01). Dr. Costa received funding from the NIH/NHLBI (R01-HL156880-01). Dr. Wunsch received funding from the Canada Research Chair (tier 2) in Critical Care Organization and Outcomes and the NIH/NHLBI (R01-HL156880-01). Mr. Lizano has disclosed that he does not have any potential conflicts of interest.