Psychosocial work aspects, work ability, mental health and SARS-CoV-2 infection rates of on-site and remote Brazilian workers during the COVID-19 pandemic - a longitudinal study.
Anxiety
COVID-19
Cohort study
Depression
Work from home
Journal
BMC public health
ISSN: 1471-2458
Titre abrégé: BMC Public Health
Pays: England
ID NLM: 100968562
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
10 Oct 2024
10 Oct 2024
Historique:
received:
05
02
2024
accepted:
30
09
2024
medline:
11
10
2024
pubmed:
11
10
2024
entrez:
10
10
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, some workers had the opportunity to work from home, while others remained in on-site work. The aim of the present study was to compare the psychosocial work aspects, work ability, mental health conditions and SARS-CoV-2 infection rates of Brazilian workers in remote and on-site work through a longitudinal study with quarterly follow-up assessments over a 12-month period. A convenience sample of 1,211 workers from different economic sectors participated in the study, 897 of whom (74.1%) worked from home and 314 (25.9%) remained in on-site work. Psychosocial work aspects were assessed using the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ). Work ability was assessed using the Work Ability Index (WAI) and the Work Ability Score (WAS). Mental health conditions and SARS-CoV-2 infection rate were recorded based on self-reported medical diagnoses. Online questionnaires were answered from June 2020 to September 2021, involving two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. The groups were compared using chi-square tests, t-tests, and two-way ANOVA. In the first wave of the pandemic, remote workers reported more quantitative demands and work-family conflicts, whereas on-site workers reported more emotional demands, low development of new skills, low commitment, low predictability, low recognition, and low satisfaction. They also reported greater occurrences of unwanted sexual attention, threats of violence, and physical violence. In the second wave, the remote group continued to report high work-family conflicts, whereas the on-site group reported - in addition to the results of the 1st wave - low influence at work, low quality of leadership, and burnout. No significant difference was found between groups with regards to the WAI in either wave. A significant difference was found for the WAS between the 3rd and 12th months (P < 0.01) in both groups. No significant differences were found between groups for the prevalence of anxiety, depression, burnout/stress, insomnia, panic syndrome, and eating disorders, except for the prevalence of insomnia at the 12-month follow-up, with higher rates in the remote group (P = 0.03). SARS-CoV-2 infection was significantly lower in the remote group (11.3%) compared to the on- site (16.9%) group (P < 0.01). Psychosocial work aspects differed between remote and on-site workers. Work ability and mental health conditions were similar between groups. Remote work might have played a role in limiting the spread of the virus in Brazil had it been more widely available.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, some workers had the opportunity to work from home, while others remained in on-site work. The aim of the present study was to compare the psychosocial work aspects, work ability, mental health conditions and SARS-CoV-2 infection rates of Brazilian workers in remote and on-site work through a longitudinal study with quarterly follow-up assessments over a 12-month period.
METHOD
METHODS
A convenience sample of 1,211 workers from different economic sectors participated in the study, 897 of whom (74.1%) worked from home and 314 (25.9%) remained in on-site work. Psychosocial work aspects were assessed using the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ). Work ability was assessed using the Work Ability Index (WAI) and the Work Ability Score (WAS). Mental health conditions and SARS-CoV-2 infection rate were recorded based on self-reported medical diagnoses. Online questionnaires were answered from June 2020 to September 2021, involving two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. The groups were compared using chi-square tests, t-tests, and two-way ANOVA.
RESULTS
RESULTS
In the first wave of the pandemic, remote workers reported more quantitative demands and work-family conflicts, whereas on-site workers reported more emotional demands, low development of new skills, low commitment, low predictability, low recognition, and low satisfaction. They also reported greater occurrences of unwanted sexual attention, threats of violence, and physical violence. In the second wave, the remote group continued to report high work-family conflicts, whereas the on-site group reported - in addition to the results of the 1st wave - low influence at work, low quality of leadership, and burnout. No significant difference was found between groups with regards to the WAI in either wave. A significant difference was found for the WAS between the 3rd and 12th months (P < 0.01) in both groups. No significant differences were found between groups for the prevalence of anxiety, depression, burnout/stress, insomnia, panic syndrome, and eating disorders, except for the prevalence of insomnia at the 12-month follow-up, with higher rates in the remote group (P = 0.03). SARS-CoV-2 infection was significantly lower in the remote group (11.3%) compared to the on- site (16.9%) group (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
Psychosocial work aspects differed between remote and on-site workers. Work ability and mental health conditions were similar between groups. Remote work might have played a role in limiting the spread of the virus in Brazil had it been more widely available.
Identifiants
pubmed: 39390474
doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-20233-1
pii: 10.1186/s12889-024-20233-1
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2767Subventions
Organisme : Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
ID : 20/16183-0
Organisme : Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
ID : Finance Code 001
Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
Références
Sott MK, Bender MS, da Silva Baum K. COVID-19 outbreak in Brazil: health, social, political, and economic implications. Int J Health Serv. 2022;52(4):442–54.
doi: 10.1177/00207314221122658
pubmed: 36062608
Lima OF, Zuardi AW, Silveira ILM, de Souza Crippa JA, Hallak JEC, Pereira-Lima K, Loureiro SR. Mental health trajectories of Brazilian health workers during two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2021). Front Psychiat. 2023;14:1026429.
doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1026429
Zeiser FA, Donida B, da Costa CA, et al. First and second COVID-19 waves in Brazil: a cross-sectional study of patients’ characteristics related to hospitalization and in-hospital mortality. Lancet Reg Health Am. 2022;6:100107.
pubmed: 34746913
Souza FSH, Hojo-Souza NS, da Silva CM, Guidoni DL. Second wave of COVID-19 in Brazil: younger at higher risk. Eur J Epidemiol. 2021;36(4):441–3.
doi: 10.1007/s10654-021-00750-8
pmcid: 8058142
pubmed: 33881666
Jakovljevic M, Bjedov S, Jaksic N, Jakovljevc I. Covid-19 pandemia and public and global mental health from the perspective of global health security. Psych Danubina. 2020;32(1):6–14.
doi: 10.24869/psyd.2020.6
Somasundram KG, Hackney A, Yung M, Du B, Oakman J, Nowrouzi-Kia B, Yazdani A. Mental and physical health and well-being of Canadian employees who were working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Pub Health. 2022;22(1):1987.
doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-14349-5
Coulombe S, Pacheco T, Cox E, Khalil C, Doucerain MM, Auger E, Meunier S. Risk and resilience factors during the COVID-19 pandemic: a snapshot of the experiences of Canadian workers early on in the crisis. Front Psychol. 2020;11:1–25.
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.580702
Sigahi TFAC, Kawasaki BC, Bolis I, Morioka SN. A systematic review on the impacts of COVID-19 on work: contributions and a path forward from the perspectives of ergonomics and psychodynamics of work. Hum Factors Ergon Manuf. 2021;31(4):375–88.
doi: 10.1002/hfm.20889
pmcid: 8013766
pubmed: 33821126
Aljabri D, Alshatti F, Alumran A, Al-Rayes S, Alsalman D, Althumairi A, Al-Kahtani N, Aljabri M, Alsuhaibani S, Alanzi T. Sociodemographic and occupational factors associated with burnout: a study among frontline healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Pub Health. 2022;10:854687.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.854687
Chengo R, Esho T, Kuria S, Kimani S, Indalo D, Kamanzi L, Mouhamed B, Wabwire A, Camara K, Kapsandui T, Kagurusi P, Nankanja M, Oele G, Osur J. A Situation assessment of community health workers’ preparedness in supporting health system response to COVID-19 in Kenya, Senegal, and Uganda. J Prim Care Comm Health. 2022;13:21501319211073415.
doi: 10.1177/21501319211073415
Rus CL, Oţoiu C, Băban AS, Vâjâean C, Kassianos AP, Karekla M, Gloster AT. Working as a healthcare professional and wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic: work recovery experiences and need for recovery as mediators. Front Psychol. 2022;13:718422.
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.718422
pmcid: 8963943
pubmed: 35360583
Araújo TM, Lua I. O trabalho mudou-se para casa: trabalho remoto no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19. Rev Bras Saúde Ocup. 2021;46:e27.
doi: 10.1590/2317-6369000030720
Santos MN, Meira CAR, Conde WL, Rinaldi AEM. Duration of remote work and a positive diagnosis of COVID-19: an analysis of PNAD COVID19 data. Ciên Saúde Colet. 2023;28(9):2601–12.
doi: 10.1590/1413-81232023289.15162022
pubmed: 37672450
Blank L, Hock E, Cantrell A, Baxter S, Goyder E. Exploring the relationship between working from home, mental and physical health and wellbeing: a systematic review. Public Health Res (Southampt). 2023;11(4):1–100.
pubmed: 37452651
Hall CE, Davidson L, Brooks SK, Greenberg N, Weston D. The relationship between homeworking during COVID-19 and both, mental health, and productivity: a systematic review. BMC Psychol. 2023;11(1):188.
doi: 10.1186/s40359-023-01221-3
pmcid: 10294311
pubmed: 37370153
Wells J, Scheibein F, Pais L, Rebelo Dos Santos N, Dalluege CA, Czakert JP, Berger R. A systematic review of the impact of remote working referenced to the concept of work-life flow on physical and psychological health. Workplace Health Saf. 2023;71(11):507–21.
doi: 10.1177/21650799231176397
pmcid: 10612377
pubmed: 37387511
Andrade MA, Castro CS, Batistão MV, Mininel VA, Sato TO. Occupational profile, psychosocial aspects and work ability of Brazilian workers during COVID-19 pandemic: IMPPAC cohort. Saf Health Work. 2022;13(1):104–11.
doi: 10.1016/j.shaw.2021.11.004
pubmed: 34849267
Gonçalves JS, Moriguchi CS, Chaves TC, Sato TO. Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the short version of COPSOQ II-Brazil. Rev Saúde Pública. 2021;55:69.
doi: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055003123
pmcid: 8522716
pubmed: 34706043
Tuomi K, Ilmarine J, Jahkola A, Katajarinne L, Tulkki A. [Índice de capacidade para o Trabalho]. Traduzido Por Frida Marina Fischer (Coord). São Carlos: UFSCar; 2010.
Antunes ED, Bridi LRT, Santos M, Fischer FM. Part-time or full-time teleworking? A systematic review of the psychosocial risk factors of telework from home. Front Psychol. 2023;14:1065593.
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1065593
pmcid: 9992198
pubmed: 36910835
Buonomo I, Ferrara B, Pansini M, Benevene P. Job satisfaction and perceived structural support in remote Working conditions-the role of a sense of community at work. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(13):6205. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20136205 . PMID: 37444053; PMCID: PMC10341230.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph20136205
pmcid: 10341230
pubmed: 37444053
Oakman J, Lambert KA, Weale VP, Stuckey R, Graham M. Employees working from home: do leadership factors influence work-related stress and musculoskeletal pain? Int J Environ Res Pub Health. 2023;20(4):3046.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph20043046
Galanti T, Guidetti G, Mazzei E, Zappalà S, Toscano F. Work from home during the COVID-19 outbreak: the impact on employees’ remote work productivity, engagement, and stress. J Occup Environ Med. 2021;63(7):e426–32.
doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000002236
pmcid: 8247534
pubmed: 33883531
Ghislieri C, Molino M, Dolce V, Sanseverino D, Presutti M. Work-family conflict during the COVID-19 pandemic: teleworking of administrative and technical staff in healthcare - an Italian study. Med Lav. 2021;112(3):229–40.
pmcid: 8223941
pubmed: 34142673
Van Elk F, Robroek SJW, Burdorf A, Oude Hengel KM. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychosocial work factors and emotional exhaustion among workers in the healthcare sector: a longitudinal study among 1915 Dutch workers. Occup Environ Med. 2023;80(1):27–33.
doi: 10.1136/oemed-2022-108478
pubmed: 36424169
Schulze S, Merz S, Thier A, Tallarek M, König F, Uhlenbrock G, Nübling M, Lincke HJ, Rapp MA, Spallek J, Holmberg C. Psychosocial burden in nurses working in nursing homes during the Covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study with quantitative and qualitative data. BMC Health Serv Res. 2022;22(1):949.
doi: 10.1186/s12913-022-08333-3
pmcid: 9315075
pubmed: 35883124
Hering C, Gangnus A, Budnick A, Kohl R, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Kuhlmey A, Gellert P. Psychosocial burden and associated factors among nurses in care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from a retrospective survey in Germany. BMC Nurs. 2022;21(1):41.
doi: 10.1186/s12912-022-00807-3
pmcid: 8830035
pubmed: 35139842
Schuchter T, Mayer K, Glarcher M. Veränderungen in Anhaltenden Extremsituationen: Psychosoziale Belastungen Von Angehörigen Der Gesundheits- Und Krankenpflegeberufe während Der Covid-19 Pandemie. Procare. 2022;27(10):44–8.
pmcid: 9875164
pubmed: 36712463
Henke JB, Jones SK, O’Neill TA. Skills and abilities to thrive in remote work: what have we learned. Front Psychol. 2022;13:893895.
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.893895
pmcid: 9807077
pubmed: 36600705
Kaewdok T, Norkaew S, Sirisawasd S, Choochouy N. Factors influencing work ability among the working-age population in Singburi Province, Thailand. Int J Environ Res Pub Health. 2022;19(10):5935.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph19105935
Gualano MR, Santoro PE, Borrelli I, Rossi MF, Amantea C, Daniele A, Moscato U. TElewoRk-RelAted stress (TERRA), psychological and physical strain of working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. Workplace Health Saf. 2023;71(2):58–67.
doi: 10.1177/21650799221119155
pmcid: 9672980
pubmed: 36382962
Anunciação L, Portugal A, Andrade L, Marques L, Landeira-Fernandez J. Disentangling crucial factors of the pandemic in Brazil: effect of lockdown restrictions on mental health. Health Soc Care Community. 2022;30:e4713–23.
doi: 10.1111/hsc.13878
pubmed: 35758148
Lunde LK, Fløvik L, Christensen JO, Johannessen HA, Finne LB, Jørgensen IL, Mohr B, Vleeshouwers J. The relationship between telework from home and employee health: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):47.
doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-12481-2
pmcid: 8741267
pubmed: 34996400
Toprak CS, Karaaslan Y, Mete O, Ozer KD. Coronaphobia, musculoskeletal pain, and sleep quality in stay-at home and continued-working persons during the 3-month Covid-19 pandemic lockdown in Turkey. Chronobiol Int. 2020;37(12):1778–85.
doi: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1815759
Schmid A, Anker D, Dubois J, Bureau-Franz I, Piccardi N, Colombo Mottaz S, Cullati S, Chiolero A, Rodondi PY. SARS-CoV-2 infection among employees working from home and on site: an occupational study in Switzerland. Front Pub Health. 2022;10:980482.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.980482
Harris M, Hart J, Bhattacharya O, Russell FM. Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic literature review. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1178167.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1178167
pmcid: 10424847
pubmed: 37583888
Murphy C, Lim WW, Mills C, Wong JY, Chen D, Xie Y, Li M, Gould S, Xin H, Cheung JK, Bhatt S, Cowling BJ, Donnelly CA. Effectiveness of social distancing measures and lockdowns for reducing transmission of COVID-19 in non-healthcare, community-based settings. Philos Trans Math Phys Eng Sci. 2023;381(2257):20230132.
Menezes FS, Garcia LP, Maeno M, Prearo LC, Toporcov TN, Algranti E. The role of occupation in SARS-CoV-2 infection within a Brazilian municipality: a test-negative case-control study. Am J Ind Med. 2023;66:1090–100.
doi: 10.1002/ajim.23542
pubmed: 37792286
Garavand A, Jalali S, Hajipour Talebi A, Sabahi A. Advantages and disadvantages of teleworking in healthcare institutions during COVID-19: a systematic review. Inf Med Unlocked. 2022;34:101119.
doi: 10.1016/j.imu.2022.101119
Hackney A, Yung M, Somasundram KG, Nowrouzi-Kia B, Oakman J, Yazdani A. Working in the digital economy: a systematic review of the impact of work from home arrangements on personal and organizational performance and productivity. PLoS ONE. 2022;17(10):e0274728.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274728
pmcid: 9555618
pubmed: 36223418