Comment évaluer la sécurité d'un essai clinique ?

La sécurité est évaluée par des comités d'éthique et des protocoles rigoureux.

Quels tests sont utilisés pour les essais cliniques ?

Des tests cliniques, biologiques et d'imagerie sont utilisés pour évaluer les effets.

Comment identifier les effets secondaires ?

Les effets secondaires sont identifiés par la surveillance des participants et des rapports.

Qu'est-ce qu'un groupe témoin ?

Un groupe témoin est un groupe de participants qui ne reçoit pas le traitement testé.

Comment sont définis les critères d'inclusion ?

Les critères d'inclusion sont définis par des caractéristiques spécifiques des participants.

Quels symptômes surveiller lors d'un essai ?

Les symptômes à surveiller incluent la douleur, la fatigue et les réactions allergiques.

Comment signaler un effet indésirable ?

Les participants doivent signaler tout effet indésirable à l'équipe de recherche immédiatement.

Les symptômes peuvent-ils varier selon les groupes ?

Oui, les symptômes peuvent varier selon le groupe de traitement et les caractéristiques des participants.

Quels sont les symptômes courants des essais ?

Les symptômes courants incluent des nausées, des maux de tête et des réactions cutanées.

Comment évaluer l'impact des symptômes ?

L'impact est évalué par des questionnaires et des échelles de mesure standardisées.

Comment prévenir les effets indésirables ?

La prévention inclut une sélection rigoureuse des participants et une surveillance étroite.

Quelles sont les mesures de sécurité en essais ?

Les mesures incluent des consentements éclairés, des évaluations de risques et des protocoles stricts.

Comment informer les participants des risques ?

Les participants reçoivent des informations détaillées lors du processus de consentement éclairé.

Quelles sont les recommandations pour les participants ?

Les participants doivent suivre les instructions de l'étude et signaler tout problème de santé.

Comment évaluer la prévention dans les essais ?

L'évaluation se fait par des études de suivi et des analyses des données de sécurité.

Quels types de traitements sont testés ?

Les traitements peuvent inclure des médicaments, des thérapies physiques ou des interventions chirurgicales.

Comment sont administrés les traitements ?

Les traitements peuvent être administrés par voie orale, intraveineuse ou topique selon l'étude.

Qu'est-ce qu'un traitement de contrôle ?

Un traitement de contrôle est un traitement standard utilisé pour comparer l'efficacité.

Comment évaluer l'efficacité d'un traitement ?

L'efficacité est évaluée par des mesures cliniques et des résultats rapportés par les patients.

Les traitements sont-ils personnalisés ?

Oui, certains essais cliniques testent des traitements personnalisés basés sur le profil génétique.

Quelles complications peuvent survenir ?

Les complications peuvent inclure des infections, des réactions allergiques ou des effets graves.

Comment gérer les complications pendant un essai ?

Les complications sont gérées par des protocoles d'urgence et des soins médicaux appropriés.

Les complications sont-elles documentées ?

Oui, toutes les complications doivent être documentées dans les rapports d'étude.

Comment prévenir les complications graves ?

La prévention passe par une évaluation rigoureuse des participants et un suivi constant.

Quelles sont les conséquences des complications ?

Les conséquences peuvent inclure l'arrêt de l'essai, des soins médicaux supplémentaires ou des poursuites.

Quels sont les facteurs de risque pour les essais ?

Les facteurs de risque incluent l'âge, les antécédents médicaux et les comorbidités.

Comment évaluer les facteurs de risque ?

Les facteurs de risque sont évalués par des questionnaires et des examens médicaux.

Les facteurs de risque varient-ils selon les traitements ?

Oui, les facteurs de risque peuvent varier selon le type de traitement et la population étudiée.

Comment minimiser les facteurs de risque ?

La minimisation passe par une sélection rigoureuse des participants et des protocoles adaptés.

Les facteurs de risque sont-ils communiqués aux participants ?

Oui, les participants sont informés des facteurs de risque lors du consentement éclairé.

Expérimentation humaine - Informations médicales vérifiées

Hemoperfusion in Poisoning and Drug Overdose.

2023

DOI: 10.1159/000526730 PMID: 37311422

Hemoperfusion (HP) is an extracorporeal blood purification therapy that is used to remove poisons or drugs from the body. This chapter provides a brief overview of the technical aspects and the potent...

Humans Hemoperfusion Drug Overdose Renal Dialysis Hemofiltration

Educational Attainment and US Drug Overdose Deaths.

06 10 2023

DOI: 10.1001/jamahealthforum.2023.3274 PMID: 37801307

Educational attainment in the US is associated with life expectancy. As the opioid crisis worsens, it is critical to understand how overdose death rate trends evolve across education groups.... To investigate the association between educational attainment and overdose death rates, with emphasis on trends during the COVID-19 pandemic.... This cross-sectional study used National Vital Statistics System Mortality Multiple Cause-of-Death data describing overdose death rates in the US by educational attainment from January 1, 2000, to Dec... Educational attainment, categorized as no high school (HS) diploma, HS diploma (or General Educational Development) but no college, some college but no bachelor's degree, and bachelor's degree or more... The main outcomes were rates of all overdose deaths, overdose deaths involving opioids, and overdose deaths involving synthetic opioids.... Of 912 057 overdose deaths with education information from 2000 to 2021 (mean [SD] age at death, 44.9 [12.3] years; 64.1% male), there were 625 400 deaths (68.6%) among individuals with no college edu... In this cross-sectional study, lower educational attainment was found to be associated with higher growth in overdose deaths. As the opioid crisis has transitioned to fentanyl and polysubstance use, o...

Humans Male Female Cross-Sectional Studies Pandemics +4 autres

Psychological distress and the risk of drug overdose death.

01 12 2022

DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.115 PMID: 36057284

Previous research has shown an association between psychological distress and overdose death among specific populations. However, few studies have examined this relationship in a large US population-b... Data from the 2010-2018 NHIS were linked to mortality data from the National Death Index through 2019. Psychological distress was measured using the Kessler 6 scale. Drug overdose deaths were examined... The study population included 272,561 adults. Adjusting for demographic covariates and using no psychological distress as the reference, distress level was positively associated with the risk of overd... Limited substance use information prevented adjustment for this potentially important covariate.... Adults with psychological distress were at greater risk of drug overdose death, relative to those without psychological distress. Adults with psychological distress were also at increased risk of deat...

Adult Causality Cohort Studies Drug Overdose Humans +2 autres

Drug Decriminalization, Fentanyl, and Fatal Overdoses in Oregon.

03 Sep 2024

DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.31612 PMID: 39235814

With the implementation of Measure 110 (M110) in 2021, Oregon became the first US state to decriminalize small amounts of any drug for personal use. To date, no analysis of the association of this law... To evaluate whether the decriminalization of drug possession in Oregon was associated with changes in fatal drug overdose rates after accounting for the rapid spread of fentanyl in Oregon's unregulate... In this cohort study, the association between fatal overdose and enactment of M110 was analyzed using a matrix completion synthetic control method. The control group consisted of the 48 US states and ... Measure 110 took effect in Oregon on February 1, 2021.... The primary outcome assessed was fatal drug overdose rates per half-year. A changepoint analysis also determined when each state experienced a rapid escalation of fentanyl in its unregulated drug mark... In this analysis, rapid spread of fentanyl in Oregon's unregulated drug supply occurred in the first half of 2021, contemporaneous with enactment of M110. A positive crude association was found betwee... In this cohort study of fatal drug overdose and the spread of fentanyl through Oregon's unregulated drug market, no association between M110 and fatal overdose rates was observed. Future evaluations o...

Fentanyl Humans Oregon Drug Overdose Cohort Studies +5 autres

Association of drug overdoses and user characteristics of Canada's national mobile/virtual overdose response hotline: the National Overdose Response Service (NORS).

27 Sep 2023

DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16751-z PMID: 37752527

Several novel overdose response technology interventions, also known as mobile overdose response services (MORS), have emerged as adjunct measures to reduce the harms associated with the drug poisonin... A retrospective analysis was conducted using NORS call logs from December 2020 to April 2023 imputed by operators. A variety of variables were examined including demographics, substance use and route,... Of the 6528 completed calls on the line, 3994 (61.2%) were for supervised drug consumption, 1703 (26.1%) were for mental health support, 354 (5.42%) were for harm reduction education or resources, and... NORS presents a complimentary opportunity to access harm reduction services for individuals that prefer to use alone or face barriers to accessing in-person supervised consumption services especially ...

Humans Female Hotlines Retrospective Studies Needle-Exchange Programs +4 autres

Estimating Drug Involvement in Fatal Overdoses With Incomplete Information.

12 2023

DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.06.019 PMID: 37419162

Death certificates provide incomplete information on the specific drug categories involved in fatal overdoses. The accuracy of previously developed corrections for this and modifications to them was e... Data were obtained for the universe of 932,364 drug overdoses in the U.S. between 1999 and 2020, including 769,982 (82.6%) with a drug classification and 162,382 (17.4%) without, from the National Cen... Previous regression-based corrections that controlled for decedent characteristics can be improved upon by adding state-fixed effects as covariates. Once this is done, supplementary controls for count... Failing to correct for incomplete information on death certificates leads to inaccurate counts of deaths from specific categories of drugs, such as opioids. However, relatively simple corrections are ...

United States Humans Analgesics, Opioid Cocaine Drug Overdose

Estimating the uncertain effect of the COVID pandemic on drug overdoses.

2023

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281227 PMID: 37561686

U.S. drug-related overdose deaths and Emergency Department (ED) visits rose in 2020 and again in 2021. Many academic studies and the news media attributed this rise primarily to increased drug use res... We use national data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on rolling 12-month drug-related deaths (2015-2021); CDC data on monthly ED visits (2019-September 2020) for EDs in 42 st... Mortality. National overdose mortality increased from 21/100,000 in 2019 to 26/100,000 in 2020 and 30/100,000 in 2021. The rise in mortality began in mid-to-late half of 2019, and the 2020 increase is... The reasons for rising overdose mortality in 2020 and 2021 cannot be definitely determined. We lack a control group and thus cannot assess causation. However, the observed increases can be largely exp...

Humans Analgesics, Opioid Pandemics COVID-19 Drug Overdose +2 autres

Years of life lost to drug overdose in the Latinx community during the most recent wave of overdose deaths.

11 2023

DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13459 PMID: 37543854

This study estimated years of life lost (YLL) among US Latinx individuals during the most recent wave of drug overdose deaths.... A serial cross-sectional study of YLL (life expectancy minus age at death) from death certificate records of Latinx individuals who died from drug overdoses from 2015 to mid-2022.... Over the study period, 58,209 Latinx individuals aged 15-64 years died from drug overdoses resulting in 2,266,784 YLL. Age-group YLL differences remained stable, but gender YLL trajectories diverged.... This study extends our understanding of the immense loss to Latinx communities from preventable drug deaths....

Humans Cross-Sectional Studies Drug Overdose Hispanic or Latino Life Expectancy +4 autres

Self-regulated Anti-Overdose Crush and Extraction-Resistant Drug Delivery System to Combat Opioid Overdose Crisis.

26 Sep 2022

DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02423-5 PMID: 36163600

Pharmaceutical opioid dosage forms are commonly misused via an oral route in non-manipulated form, i.e., overdose in intact form, or manipulated form, i.e., after crushing the dosage form, and also vi...

Analgesics, Opioid Coffee Delayed-Action Preparations Drug Compounding Drug Delivery Systems +7 autres

Reducing Drug Overdose Deaths: Significant Changes Needed in U.S. Drug Treatment Policy.

Jun 2023

DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20230510-01 PMID: 37261971

Slow and incremental changes in federal and state drug policies are neither meeting treatment needs nor reversing yearly increases in drug-related mortality. U.S. drug policies convey confounding mess...

Humans Drug Overdose Public Policy Substance-Related Disorders Behavior, Addictive

Expérimentation humaine : Questions médicales fréquentes

Termes MeSH sélectionnés :

Questions fréquentes et termes MeSH associés

Diagnostic 5

Symptômes 5

Prévention 5

Traitements 5

Complications 5

Facteurs de risque 5

Contenu validé par Dr Olivier Menir

Sous-catégories

Expérimentation sur soi-même

Expérimentation humaine non thérapeutique

Expérimentation thérapeutique humaine

Auteurs principaux

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