République d'Afrique du Sud : Questions médicales fréquentes
Nom anglais: South Africa
Descriptor UI:D013019
Tree Number:Z01.058.290.175.735
Termes MeSH sélectionnés :
Perfusion
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"description": "Comment diagnostiquer le VIH en Afrique du Sud ?\nQuels tests pour la tuberculose ?\nComment identifier le diabète ?\nQuels examens pour l'hypertension ?\nComment dépister le cancer du col ?",
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"name": "Comment diagnostiquer le VIH en Afrique du Sud ?",
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"text": "Le diagnostic du VIH se fait par des tests sanguins, comme le test ELISA et la PCR."
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},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels tests pour la tuberculose ?",
"position": 2,
"acceptedAnswer": {
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"text": "La tuberculose se diagnostique par des tests cutanés, des radiographies et des cultures."
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"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment identifier le diabète ?",
"position": 3,
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"text": "Le diabète est diagnostiqué par des tests de glycémie à jeun et des tests d'HbA1c."
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"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels examens pour l'hypertension ?",
"position": 4,
"acceptedAnswer": {
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"text": "L'hypertension est diagnostiquée par des mesures répétées de la pression artérielle."
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"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment dépister le cancer du col ?",
"position": 5,
"acceptedAnswer": {
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"text": "Le dépistage se fait par un frottis cervical et un test HPV."
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{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels sont les symptômes du VIH ?",
"position": 6,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les symptômes incluent fatigue, fièvre, éruptions cutanées et ganglions enflés."
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{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels signes de tuberculose ?",
"position": 7,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Toux persistante, fièvre, sueurs nocturnes et perte de poids sont des signes clés."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels symptômes du diabète ?",
"position": 8,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les symptômes incluent soif excessive, urination fréquente et fatigue."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels signes d'hypertension ?",
"position": 9,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Souvent asymptomatique, mais peut causer maux de tête et vertiges."
}
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{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels symptômes du cancer du col ?",
"position": 10,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les symptômes peuvent inclure des saignements vaginaux anormaux et des douleurs pelviennes."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment prévenir le VIH ?",
"position": 11,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Utiliser des préservatifs, se faire dépister et prendre des PrEP sont des mesures clés."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles mesures pour prévenir la tuberculose ?",
"position": 12,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Vaccination BCG et dépistage régulier sont essentiels pour prévenir la tuberculose."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment prévenir le diabète ?",
"position": 13,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Adopter un mode de vie sain, avec une alimentation équilibrée et de l'exercice régulier."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles stratégies pour prévenir l'hypertension ?",
"position": 14,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Maintenir un poids santé, réduire le sel et faire de l'exercice régulièrement."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment prévenir le cancer du col ?",
"position": 15,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le dépistage régulier et la vaccination contre le HPV sont des mesures préventives."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quel traitement pour le VIH ?",
"position": 16,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le traitement antirétroviral (TAR) est utilisé pour gérer le VIH."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment traiter la tuberculose ?",
"position": 17,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La tuberculose se traite avec une combinaison d'antibiotiques sur plusieurs mois."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quel traitement pour le diabète ?",
"position": 18,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le diabète est traité par des médicaments, insuline et modifications du mode de vie."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment gérer l'hypertension ?",
"position": 19,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "L'hypertension se gère par des médicaments, régime alimentaire et exercice physique."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quel traitement pour le cancer du col ?",
"position": 20,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le traitement peut inclure chirurgie, radiothérapie et chimiothérapie selon le stade."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles complications du VIH ?",
"position": 21,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le VIH peut entraîner des infections opportunistes et des cancers liés au virus."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles complications de la tuberculose ?",
"position": 22,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La tuberculose peut causer des lésions pulmonaires et des complications systémiques."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles complications du diabète ?",
"position": 23,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le diabète peut entraîner des maladies cardiovasculaires, des neuropathies et des néphropathies."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles complications de l'hypertension ?",
"position": 24,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "L'hypertension peut causer des AVC, des crises cardiaques et des maladies rénales."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles complications du cancer du col ?",
"position": 25,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les complications peuvent inclure des métastases et des problèmes de fertilité."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels sont les facteurs de risque du VIH ?",
"position": 26,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les comportements à risque, comme les rapports non protégés, augmentent le risque de VIH."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels facteurs de risque pour la tuberculose ?",
"position": 27,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La malnutrition, le VIH et la vie en milieu urbain densément peuplé sont des facteurs de risque."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels facteurs de risque du diabète ?",
"position": 28,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "L'obésité, le manque d'activité physique et des antécédents familiaux augmentent le risque."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels facteurs de risque de l'hypertension ?",
"position": 29,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "L'âge, l'obésité, le stress et une alimentation riche en sel sont des facteurs de risque."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels facteurs de risque du cancer du col ?",
"position": 30,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les infections par le HPV, le tabagisme et un dépistage irrégulier augmentent le risque."
}
}
]
}
]
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Magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion imaging, both with and without exogenous contrast agents, has the potential to assess tissue perfusion and vascularity in prostate cancer. Dynamic contrast-enhanced (...
Noninvasive imaging of tissue perfusion is a valuable tool for both research and clinical applications. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a contrast-free perfusion imaging method that enables measuring ...
This article will review the evidence behind elements of the lung preservation process that have remained relatively stable over the past decade as well as summarize recent developments in ex-vivo lun...
Ex-vivo lung perfusion is becoming an increasingly well established means to facilitate greater travel distance and allow for continued reassessment of marginal donor lungs. Preliminary reports of the...
It is crucial to understand the fundamental principles of organ preservation to ensure optimal lung function posttransplant. Recent advances in the past several years have the potential to challenge s...
Given the current severe shortage of available livers for transplantation, there is an urgent need to maximize the utilization of donor organs. One of the strategies to increase the number of availabl...
Characteristic features of amyloid-PET (A), tau-PET (T), and FDG-PET (N) can serve for the A/T/N classification of neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies showed that the early, perfusion-weighted ...
We obtained early-phase PET recordings with [...
The z-scores of perfusion-weighted images of both tracers showed high correlations across the brain, especially in the frontal and parietal lobes, which were the brain regions with pronounced perfusio...
The early perfusion phases of [...
Despite myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) by cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) camera is largely used in the diagnosis and risk stratification of patient...
Five hundred and forty-one subjects with suspected or known CAD referred to 99mTc-sestamibi gated CZT-SPECT cardiac imaging and with available angiographic data were studied. Both regional total perfu...
Regional myocardial perfusion assessed by the CZT camera demonstrated good reliability in predicting vessel-related events in patients with suspected or known CAD....
Accurate quantification of ischemic core and ischemic penumbra is mandatory for late-presenting acute ischemic stroke. Substantial differences between MR perfusion software packages have been reported...
The HIBISCUS-STROKE cohort includes acute ischemic stroke patients treated by mechanical thrombectomy after MRI triage. Mechanical thrombectomy failure was defined as a modified thrombolysis in cerebr...
Eighteen patients were included. Lengthening the threshold from ≥ 6 s to ≥ 10 s led to significantly smaller perfusion deficit volumes for both packages. For package A, Tmax ≥ 6 s and ≥ 8 s moderately...
The optimal Tmax threshold for defining the ischemic penumbra appeared to be most accurate at ≥ 6 s for package A and ≥ 10 s for package B. This implies that the widely recommended Tmax threshold ≥ 6 ...
Integration of CT perfusion (CTP) with requisite non-contrast CT and CT angiography (CTA) stroke imaging may allow efficient stroke lesion volume measurement. Using surrogate images from CTP, we simul...
Patients with acute ischemic stroke who received admission CTP were included in this study. Four CTP images (surrogate mCTA, one pre-contrast and three post-contrast, starting at the arterial peak the...
Of 34 included patients, 28 had target mismatch and 6 did not by standard CTP. Accuracy of classifying target mismatch profiles with surrogate mCTA was 79% with respect to that from standard CTP. Mean...
Surrogate mCTA ischemic lesion volumes agreed with those from standard CTP and may be an efficient alternative when CTP is not practical....
Elderly patients (≥65 years old) are increasingly undergoing liver transplantation and are more likely to be removed from the waitlist. Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) holds promise in expanding ...
The use of NMP on outcomes in elderly recipients was reviewed using both the UNOS/SRTR database (2016-2022) and institutional data (2018-2020). Characteristics and clinical outcomes were compared betw...
Nationally, using the UNOS/SRTR database, we identified 165 elderly recipients from 28 centers who received a liver allograft undergoing NMP and 4270 that underwent traditional cold static storage. NM...
NMP may mitigate donor risk factors that are relative contraindications for transplantation in elderly liver recipients, increasing the donor pool. The application of NMP in older recipients should be...
The shortage of donor organs has led to the use of marginal extended criteria donor (ECD) livers to increase access to liver transplant. Ex-vivo machine perfusion allows for treatment and assessment o...
Multiple randomized controlled trials on the use of hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) and normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) have been published in the past 5 years demonstrating improved graft fu...
There is now a body of evidence that HMP and NMP treatment improves clinical outcomes in ECD livers. There is a wide horizon for future applications of these preservation techniques to further optimiz...